GI endoscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a minimally invasive procedure for visualizing the upper digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. In an upper GI endoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light is inserted into the mouth and advanced into the upper GI tract, allowing the healthcare provider to look at the digestive tract lining and detect any abnormalities.
In order to obtain a better view of the digestive tract, patients usually fast for a period of time before an upper GI endoscopy. Several hours before the procedure, the healthcare provider will provide instructions about fasting, which may involve refraining from eating or drinking. To reduce the risk of complications, medications may need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the procedure.
A sedative or anesthesia is usually administered during an upper GI endoscopy to make the patient more comfortable during the procedure and to relax them. After carefully inserting the endoscope through the mouth, the healthcare provider guides it down the esophagus and into the stomach and duodenum. As the patient undergoes the procedure, the healthcare provider looks for signs of inflammation, ulcers, tumors, or other abnormalities in the upper GI tract lining. It may be necessary to take tissue samples (biopsies) for further evaluation.
In order to recover from the sedative effects after an upper GI endoscopy, patients are usually monitored in a recovery area. Due to the air introduced during the procedure, some people may experience mild throat discomfort or bloating, but these symptoms usually pass quickly. A few hours after the procedure, most individuals can resume their normal activities, although some may prefer to rest for the remainder of the day. Until the effects of the sedative wear off completely, you should follow any specific post-procedure instructions provided by your healthcare provider.
Although upper GI endoscopy is generally considered safe, there are certain risks and potential complications involved, as with any medical procedure. Symptoms include minor throat irritation, bloating, and temporary discomfort, as well as more serious complications like perforation of the digestive tract or bleeding. You should discuss the risks and benefits of upper GI endoscopy with your healthcare provider before the procedure and report any unusual symptoms or concerns as soon as possible.
Individuals may be advised to avoid eating or drinking for a short period after an upper GI endoscopy while the sedative wears off. Any restrictions on diet or activity provided by your healthcare provider must be followed afterward. After the procedure, if tissue samples (biopsies) were taken, the results will be available within a few days, and further treatment or follow-up may be recommended. Attend any follow-up appointments scheduled by the healthcare provider to discuss the results and determine how to proceed.
