Upper GI Endoscopy: What It Is and What to Expect
Medically reviewed by Sumiran Racherla, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.
What kind of doctor provides Upper GI Endoscopy?
A gastroenterologist, a doctor who treats digestive problems, usually performs an upper GI endoscopy. The doctor uses an endoscope, a flexible tube with a camera, to see the lining of the upper digestive tract. It is also called EGD. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What it is
Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera to see the lining of the upper GI tract. The upper digestive tract includes the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum, which is the upper part of the small intestine.
Why a doctor might recommend it
An upper GI endoscopy may be recommended for symptoms such as the following.
- Ongoing pain or heartburn.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Trouble swallowing.
- Unexplained weight loss.
Doctors can also use it to remove polyps or other growths. It can also treat bleeding from ulcers and other conditions.
How to prepare
To prepare, you will need to talk with your doctor, arrange for a ride home, and not eat or drink before the procedure.
- Tell your doctor about all medicines, vitamins, and supplements you take.
- Your doctor may ask you to stop a blood thinner to lower the chance of a problem.
- Your doctor may ask you not to eat or drink for up to 8 hours before the procedure.
- Arrange a ride home, because the sedatives need time to wear off before you drive.
What happens during it
A doctor performs an upper GI endoscopy in a hospital or outpatient center. You will likely be given a sedative or a medicine to help you stay relaxed and comfortable. You lie on your side on an exam table. The doctor passes the endoscope down your esophagus and into your stomach and duodenum. The doctor may take small samples of tissue, cells, or fluid for testing. The upper GI endoscopy typically takes between 10 to 20 minutes.
Recovery
After an upper GI endoscopy, the sedatives take time to wear off. You can expect to stay at the hospital or outpatient center for about an hour. You may have a sore throat for a short time. If you go home after the procedure, you will need someone to drive you. Some results are available right away. The doctor sends any tissue sample to a pathologist, a doctor who analyzes tissues under a microscope. These results can take a few days or longer to come back.
If you have any of the following symptoms after an upper GI endoscopy, seek medical care right away.
- Swallowing problems or throat pain that gets worse.
- Bloody or black, tar-colored stool.
- Fever.
Call 911 or go to the emergency room if you have trouble breathing, chest pain or discomfort lasting two minutes or more, fainting, coughing up or vomiting blood, or bleeding that will not stop.
Risks and side effects
The risks from an upper GI endoscopy are low.
The risks may include the following.
- A reaction to the sedative, including breathing or heart problems.
- A tear in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
- Bleeding.
Bleeding is typically minor and stops without treatment. Your doctor may need to perform surgery to treat some complications.
Who performs it
An upper GI endoscopy is done by a specially trained doctor called a gastroenterologist.
Common questions
Is an upper GI endoscopy painful?
An upper GI endoscopy is not painful, but it can cause discomfort. The sedative works quickly to make you drowsy and unable to feel pain.
Are there other tests I can have instead of an upper GI endoscopy?
Yes, imaging tests are alternatives to an upper endoscopy. They do not provide as much detail as an upper endoscopy may, so they may not be right for you.
When will I get the results of an upper GI endoscopy?
Some results are available right away. Results from tissue samples can take a few days or longer to come back.
How does a direct primary care or concierge doctor fit in?
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
Sources
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Upper GI Endoscopy
- MedlinePlus - EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- American College of Gastroenterology - Upper GI Endoscopy (EGD)
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
