By blocking the transmission of pain signals along specific nerves, nerve blocks are a type of regional anesthesia used to relieve pain. It involves injecting a local anesthetic or medication directly into or around a nerve or group of nerves. There are many uses for nerve blocks, including surgical anesthesia, chronic pain management, and diagnostics.
Typically, patients undergo the following preparation steps before undergoing a nerve block:
Patients undergo a medical evaluation to determine their general health and suitability for the procedure. This may include a review of their medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing.
A patient meets with their healthcare provider to discuss the procedure, including its purpose, possible risks and benefits, expected outcomes, and alternatives. Patients are encouraged to ask any questions they may have.
It is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are currently taking, including prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and supplements. The risk of bleeding or other complications may be reduced by adjusting or temporarily stopping some medications before the procedure.
A patient may be instructed to fast before the procedure depending on the type of nerve block and the anesthesia used.
Typically, nerve blocks involve the following steps:
Depending on the location of the nerve block, the patient is positioned comfortably on an examination table, lying down or sitting.
In order to reduce the risk of infection, the skin over the injection site is cleaned and sterilized with an antiseptic solution.
To minimize discomfort during the procedure, a small amount of local anesthetic may be injected into the skin at the injection site.
A healthcare provider locates the target nerve or nerves for a nerve block using ultrasound guidance or fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray imaging).
The healthcare provider inserts a thin needle through the skin and injects the medication directly into or around the target nerve (local anesthetic, steroid, or other medication).
An imaging technique or nerve stimulation may be used by the healthcare provider after the injection to confirm the correct placement of the needle and the effectiveness of the nerve block.
Nerve block patients typically experience the following recovery process:
The patient is monitored in the recovery area for a brief period to ensure there are no immediate complications.
It may take some time for the effects of the nerve block to fully develop. Patients may feel pain relief gradually as the medication takes effect.
In order to maximize the effectiveness of the nerve block, patients may be advised to limit certain activities or avoid strenuous exercise for a period following the procedure.
There are potential risks and complications associated with nerve blocks, including:
The injection site may bleed if the patient is taking blood-thinning medications or has a bleeding disorder.
Proper sterile technique during the procedure minimizes the chance of infection at the injection site.
Occasionally, nerve damage or injury may occur during nerve block procedures. This risk is minimized by using advanced imaging techniques to guide needle placement and monitor nerve function during the procedure.
The following aftercare recommendations should be followed following a nerve block:
For maximum pain relief, patients may be advised to rest and avoid strenuous activities following the procedure.
Following the nerve block, patients may experience some discomfort or soreness at the injection site. Over-the-counter pain medication or ice packs may be recommended to ease any discomfort.
The patient is typically scheduled for a follow-up appointment with their healthcare provider to assess the effectiveness of the nerve block and to address any concerns or complications.
