In glaucoma surgery, the optic nerve is damaged and vision loss can result if left untreated. As part of glaucoma surgery, the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye is lowered in order to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision.
Before undergoing glaucoma surgery:
In order to assess the severity of glaucoma, evaluate the optic nerve, and measure intraocular pressure, the ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye examination.
Surgery discussion: The surgeon will discuss the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of the procedure with the patient.
To optimize IOP control and minimize complications, patients may need to adjust their glaucoma medications before surgery.
Glaucoma surgery typically involves one of the following procedures:
The surgeon creates a small opening in the sclera (the white part of the eye) to drain excess fluid from the eye, reducing intraocular pressure.
Known also as tube shunts or aqueous shunts, Glaucoma Drainage Devices (GDDs) lower intraocular pressure by draining aqueous humor from the eye.
MIGS: MIGS procedures aim to improve aqueous outflow while minimizing trauma to the eye. Examples include trabecular micro-bypass stents and canaloplasty procedures.
After glaucoma surgery, patients can expect the following:
The ophthalmologist will instruct patients on how to care for their eyes after surgery, including the use of prescribed eye drops, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments.
Following glaucoma surgery, patients may experience mild discomfort, blurry vision, and light sensitivity for several weeks.
In some cases, glaucoma surgery can help stabilize or improve vision by lowering intraocular pressure and reducing the risk of further optic nerve damage.
While glaucoma surgery is generally safe and effective, it carries certain risks, including:
Glaucoma surgery is associated with a small risk of infection, which may require antibiotic treatment.
Surgical procedures can result in excessively low intraocular pressure (hypotony), which can cause blurry vision and choroidal effusion.
Some patients may develop cataracts after glaucoma surgery, particularly trabeculectomy.
After glaucoma surgery, patients should adhere to the following aftercare guidelines:
To prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote healing, patients must use prescribed eye drops as instructed.
To monitor the eye's healing progress, assess intraocular pressure, and adjust treatment as needed, regular follow-up appointments with the ophthalmologist are essential.
Patients should monitor their vision for any changes or abnormalities and immediately report them to their ophthalmologist.
In conclusion, glaucoma surgery is an essential intervention for managing glaucoma and preserving vision. Patients with glaucoma can maintain their vision and improve their quality of life by lowering intraocular pressure and reducing the risk of optic nerve damage with glaucoma surgery. For optimal outcomes, patients should understand the risks and benefits of any surgical procedure and adhere to postoperative instructions.
