Genetic Counseling: What It Is and What to Expect

Medically reviewed by Sumiran Racherla, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.

What kind of doctor provides Genetic Counseling?

A genetic counselor, a specialist who helps people understand genetic risks, provides this service. A medical geneticist, a doctor trained in genetics, may also be involved. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.

What it is

Genetic counseling gives information and support. It is for people who have a genetic disorder or may be at risk for one. A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. The counseling may be for yourself or a family member. You may also get it when you are planning or expecting a baby. An inherited disorder is one that is passed down through families.

Why a doctor might recommend it

You may consider genetic counseling if any of these apply.

  • You have a personal or family history of a genetic condition or birth defect.
  • You are pregnant or plan to be after age 35.
  • You have a child with a genetic disorder or birth defect.
  • You have had two or more pregnancy losses or a baby who died.
  • You have had ultrasound or screening tests that suggest a possible problem.

Counselors can also help you understand genetic tests and weigh the risks and benefits.

How to prepare

Here is what to expect at the visit.

  • A genetics professional, an expert in genetics, asks about your medical history.
  • They also take a detailed family health history. This is a record of health information about your family.
  • The visit covers your own questions.

What happens during it

A genetics professional may also do a physical exam. They may suggest medical tests. If you have a genetic condition, they explain the diagnosis and how it is inherited. They also explain the chance of passing it on. They go over testing and treatment options. They help you make informed choices. These cover your health care and having children. A genetics professional will not tell you which decision to make. They will not tell you whether to have testing for a genetic disorder. They will not recommend that a woman continue or end a pregnancy.

Recovery

Genetic counseling provides information and support. You may follow up with genetic testing. A counselor can explain the results of a genetic test. They can also make sure you have the support you need.

Risks and side effects

Counseling may lead to a genetic test. A test can have emotional, social, or money drawbacks. Depending on the results, you may feel angry, depressed, anxious, or guilty. You may also worry about genetic discrimination in jobs or insurance. Some genetic tests are expensive. Health insurance might only cover part of the cost.

Who performs it

A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. Genetic counselors have special degrees and experience in genetics and counseling.

Common questions

What does a genetic counselor do?

A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. They can help you understand genetic tests and weigh the risks and benefits.

Will a genetic counselor tell me whether to get tested?

No, a genetics professional will not tell you whether to have testing for a genetic disorder. They help you make informed choices about your health care.

When should I think about genetic counseling?

You may consider it if you have a personal or family history of a genetic condition. You may also consider it if you are pregnant after age 35.

How does a direct primary care or concierge doctor fit in?

A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.

Sources

  1. MedlinePlus - Genetic Counseling
  2. MedlinePlus Genetics - What happens during a genetic consultation?
  3. MedlinePlus - Genetic Testing

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.