An ulcer forms in the stomach and small intestine as a result of excessive gastric acid production in Zollinger Ellison Syndrome (ZES), a rare condition. Throughout this blog post, we will cover ZES's causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in a concise manner.
It is primarily caused by gastrinomas, which are tumors that develop in the pancreas or duodenum, which produce excess amounts of gastrin, a hormone that causes the stomach to produce acid. There is no known cause for gastrinoma formation, although certain conditions, such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, may increase the risk.
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome is characterized by the following symptoms:
Pain in the upper abdomen that is persistent, severe, and often localized.
As a result of increased gastric acid production, heartburn, regurgitation, and acid reflux may occur.
During and after meals, nausea and vomiting may occur.
Anemia and blood in the stool can be symptoms of bleeding from ulcers in the stomach or small intestine.
Poor appetite and difficulty eating can lead to unintentional weight loss.
Healthcare providers may perform the following diagnostic tests to diagnose Zollinger Ellison Syndrome:
Gastrin levels in the blood can be measured to detect elevated levels associated with ZES.
A procedure called upper endoscopy allows visualization of the stomach and small intestine to detect ulcers and collect tissue samples.
Tumors in the pancreas or duodenum may be located using imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The Secretin Stimulation Test involves administering secretin, a hormone that stimulates gastrin secretion, and measuring the response.
Treatment options for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome include: controlling symptoms, healing ulcers, and reducing gastric acid production.
Medications such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, or esomeprazole are commonly prescribed to suppress gastric acid production and heal ulcers.
Gastrinomas or tumors causing ZES may require surgical removal, especially if they are large, malignant, or causing complications.
A medication that inhibits the release of gastrin, octreotide, may be used in some cases to control symptoms and reduce acid production.
The primary prevention strategy for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome is to manage risk factors and seek medical attention as soon as symptoms appear. A family history of MEN1 syndrome or other risk factors may help prevent the development of gastrinomas, but there are no specific preventive measures for ZES.
