This type of pneumonia is caused by viruses and causes inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs. It is a serious respiratory illness that can affect people of all ages, but it tends to be more severe in infants, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of this disease are explained in this straightforward article.
During flu season, influenza viruses, especially influenza A and influenza B, are common causes of viral pneumonia.
In infants and young children, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis.
In crowded environments or among military recruits, certain strains of adenovirus can cause pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be caused by some coronaviruses, such as those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Viral pneumonia can also be caused by other respiratory viruses, such as parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus.
Virus-induced pneumonia is characterized by persistent coughing, often producing yellow, green, or bloody mucus.
Symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, and general malaise.
In the case of exertion or lying flat, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing may occur.
Pain in the chest may be present, particularly when coughing or taking deep breaths.
Symptoms of pneumonia, both viral and bacterial, include fatigue, weakness, and decreased energy levels.
Viral pneumonia can cause nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal symptoms in some people.
In older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions, confusion, disorientation, or changes in mental status may occur.
Medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are typically used to diagnose viral pneumonia:
Symptoms, recent illnesses, travel history, exposure to sick individuals, and any relevant medical history will be asked by healthcare providers.
Listening to the lungs with a stethoscope may reveal signs of pneumonia, such as crackling or wheezing.
The chest X-ray can be used to visualize the lungs and assess for signs of inflammation, consolidation, or other abnormalities.
To assess for signs of infection and inflammation, blood tests may be conducted, including the complete blood count (CBC) and inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin.
The specific viral pathogen causing pneumonia may be identified by culture or PCR testing of sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs).
Viral pneumonia is treated by relieving symptoms, strengthening the immune system, and preventing complications:
In cases of severe or complicated viral pneumonia, particularly those caused by influenza or certain Coronaviruses, antiviral medications may be prescribed.
Treatments such as rest, hydration, and fever-reducing medications (e.g., acetaminophen) can alleviate symptoms and promote recovery.
Individuals with severe respiratory distress or low oxygen levels may require supplemental oxygen therapy.
In severe pneumonia associated with dehydration or difficulty drinking fluids, intravenous fluids may be administered to maintain hydration.
People with severe viral pneumonia may need hospitalization, particularly those who require intensive care, mechanical ventilation, or other supportive measures.
A vaccine against specific viral pathogens, such as influenza and pneumococcus, can help prevent viral pneumonia and its complications.
It is important to practice good hand hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, in order to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses that cause pneumonia.
When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets.
The risk of viral transmission can be reduced by avoiding close contact with people who are sick with respiratory infections or other viral illnesses.
Keeping a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and stress management, can support immune function and reduce viral infections.
