As a result of viral infection, viral pharyngitis causes inflammation of the pharynx (back of the throat). It is a common condition, especially during cold and flu seasons, and is typically self-limiting. Here are its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods in an easy-to-understand manner.
In many cases of the common cold, rhinoviruses are the most common cause of viral pharyngitis.
Pharyngitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis are some of the respiratory illnesses caused by adenoviruses.
Virus pharyngitis is caused by certain strains of coronaviruses, such as those that cause the common cold or COVID-19.
Sore throat can be one of the symptoms associated with influenza viruses.
Pharyngitis can also be caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses, and enteroviruses.
A sore, scratchy, or irritated throat is the hallmark symptom of viral pharyngitis.
Swallowing Difficulties: Some individuals experience pain or discomfort when swallowing, known as odynophagia.
During examination, the back of the throat may appear red and swollen, and the tonsils and pharynx may be inflamed.
Inflammation of the vocal cords can cause hoarseness or changes in voice quality.
If viral pharyngitis extends into the lower respiratory tract, a dry or hacking cough may accompany it.
In severe viral respiratory infections, low-grade fever, fatigue, and general malaise may be present.
Virus pharyngitis is usually diagnosed based on medical history, symptoms, and physical examination. Laboratory tests may not be needed if the condition is uncomplicated:
Providers will ask about symptoms, recent illnesses, exposure to sick individuals, and any relevant medical history.
Visual examination of the throat and neck may reveal inflammation, redness, swelling, or white patches or exudates.
It may be necessary to collect a throat swab for laboratory testing to confirm the presence of viral pathogens, though specific identification of the virus is not always necessary.
Clinics may offer rapid antigen tests to detect certain viral pathogens such as influenza or group A streptococcus (strep throat).
Viral pharyngitis is treated by relieving symptoms and supporting the body's natural healing process:
Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are over-the-counter pain relievers that may alleviate throat pain, fever, and discomfort.
Sore throat symptoms can be temporarily relieved with throat lozenges containing menthol or sprays containing topical anesthetics.
The best way to soothe your throat and prevent dehydration is to drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal tea, or warm broth.
Viral infections can be treated more quickly by resting and avoiding strenuous activities.
A humidifier or steam inhalation can help moisten the air and soothe dry or irritated throat tissues.
Pharyngitis can be prevented by practicing good hand hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water.
When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets.
The risk of viral transmission can be reduced by avoiding close contact with people who are sick with respiratory infections or other viral illnesses.
It is possible to prevent respiratory infections that can lead to pharyngitis through vaccination against specific viral pathogens, such as influenza or COVID-19.
Keeping a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and stress management, can support immune function and reduce viral infections.
