Known also as fish odor syndrome, trimethylaminuria is a metabolic disorder caused by an inability to break down trimethylamine, resulting in a strong odor. Its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are explained in this straightforward overview.
An enzyme responsible for metabolizing trimethylamine, a compound found in fish, eggs, and legumes, is affected by a genetic mutation, causing trimethylaminuria. Trimethylamine accumulates in the body when the enzyme is deficient or not functioning properly, and it is released through sweat, breath, and urine, causing the characteristic fishy odor.
Trimethylaminuria may cause the following symptoms:
Trimethylaminuria patients exude a strong, fishy odor after consuming trimethylamine-rich foods.
Social discomfort is also caused by malodorous breath.
Diet, stress levels, hormonal changes, and other factors may contribute to body odor fluctuations.
Embarrassment, social isolation, and psychological distress may result from the persistent odor.
Trimethylaminuria is diagnosed by:
A healthcare provider will ask about the patient's symptoms, dietary habits, and family history of odor-related conditions.
Trimethylamine can be detected in the breath, urine, or sweat by performing an odor test.
A genetic test can detect mutations in the FMO3 gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for metabolizing trimethylamine.
A differential diagnosis must be made to rule out other causes of body odor, such as bacterial overgrowth or liver disease.
There are several treatment options available for trimethylaminuria, including:
Trimethylamine levels in the body can be reduced by avoiding foods rich in trimethylamine, such as fish, eggs, dairy products, and certain vegetables.
Activated charcoal and copper chlorophyllin supplements may help absorb trimethylamine and reduce odor.
To manage body odor, bathe regularly with antibacterial soap, use deodorants or antiperspirants, and wear breathable clothing.
Individuals with trimethylaminuria who are experiencing psychological distress may benefit from counseling or support groups.
Trimethylaminuria can be prevented by:
Those with a family history of trimethylaminuria or who carry the mutated FMO3 gene may benefit from genetic counseling.
Making appropriate dietary choices and being mindful of foods that trigger strong body odor can help manage symptoms.
Monitoring trimethylamine levels with a healthcare provider can help adjust treatment as needed.
