The trigger thumb, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, causes pain and difficulty with movement in the thumb. Here's a simple guide to its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
It is not always clear why trigger thumb occurs, but it is commonly associated with repetitive gripping or grasping activities that strain the thumb tendons.
Typing, writing, or using handheld tools repetitively can cause repetitive movements.
Thumb or hand injury caused by direct blows or strains.
Trigger thumb may be caused by conditions such as arthritis or diabetes.
Trigger thumb may be caused by certain anatomical variations or abnormalities in the thumb tendon sheath.
Trigger thumb symptoms include:
Stiff thumb: Difficulty straightening or bending the thumb, especially in the morning or after rest.
When moving the thumb, a popping or clicking sensation may be felt.
Locked thumb: The thumb may become stuck in a bent position (triggering), requiring manual manipulation to straighten.
There may be discomfort or pain at the base of the thumb or along the palm side of the hand.
There may be swelling and inflammation around the affected thumb tendon.
Trigger thumb is typically diagnosed by:
A healthcare provider will examine the thumb's range of motion, stability, and tenderness.
Examining the patient's symptoms, medical history, and any recent injuries or activities that may have contributed to their condition.
To check for triggering or pain, the patient's thumb is bent into the palm and then wrapped with their fingers.
A diagnostic imaging test such as ultrasound or MRI may be ordered in some cases to visualize the thumb tendons and assess any structural abnormalities.
Trigger thumb may be treated with the following options:
Avoid repetitive thumb movements and activities that exacerbate symptoms through rest and activity modification.
It involves immobilizing the thumb and relieving strain on the affected tendon by wearing a splint or brace.
Pain and inflammation may be reduced with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available over-the-counter or on prescription.
Injection of corticosteroids into the tendon sheath can reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
The thumb's flexibility and strength can be improved with gentle exercises and stretching techniques.
It may be necessary to perform surgical intervention in severe or persistent cases in order to release the constricted tendon sheath and restore normal thumb movement.
Trigger thumb can be prevented by following these steps:
Using proper hand and thumb positioning during repetitive tasks can reduce tendon strain.
It is important to take regular breaks while performing repetitive thumb movements in order to allow the thumbs to rest and recover.
Flexibility, strength, and coordination can be improved by performing hand exercises.
To minimize stress on the thumb tendons, use correct gripping and grasping techniques when handling objects or tools.
Keeping the thumb from becoming overused by reducing the frequency and intensity of activities that place excessive strain on it.
