When the tricuspid valve is incompletely closed, blood flows backwards from the right ventricle into the right atrium, causing tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this condition are straightforward. If left untreated, it can result in a variety of symptoms and complications.
A variety of factors can cause tricuspid regurgitation, including:
An abnormal tricuspid valve may be caused by rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, or endocarditis.
The right ventricle enlarges as a result of conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, cardiomyopathy, or right-sided heart failure.
Frequently associated with left-sided heart disease or pulmonary hypertension, functional TR occurs when the tricuspid annulus dilates without significant valve pathology.
Injuries to the chest or heart can damage the tricuspid valve or surrounding structures, resulting in TR.
Symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation may not appear in its early stages. However, as the condition progresses, they may include:
A feeling of general weakness and fatigue, especially during physical activity.
Breathing difficulties, particularly during exertion or when lying down.
Fluid retention (edema) causes swelling of the abdomen, legs, or feet.
Due to backward blood flow, the liver may become enlarged and tender.
An irregular or rapid heartbeat is referred to as palpitations.
The following steps are involved in diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation:
In a physical examination, a healthcare provider may detect abnormal heart sounds (murmurs) and signs of fluid retention.
The tricuspid valve can be visualized and the severity of regurgitation assessed with an echocardiogram.
ECG: An electrocardiogram measures the electrical activity of the heart and detects any irregularities.
This is an invasive procedure used to assess the function and anatomy of the heart and blood vessels, particularly when further evaluation or intervention is needed.
Depending on the severity and underlying cause of tricuspid regurgitation, treatment may include:
Diuretics to reduce fluid retention, vasodilators to increase blood flow, and medications to treat underlying heart conditions.
In cases of severe TR damage or significant valve damage, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace the tricuspid valve.
Occasionally, transcatheter techniques may be used to repair or replace the tricuspid valve.
A heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and quitting smoking, can help manage symptoms and reduce complications.
Tricuspid regurgitation can be prevented by:
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of conditions that can lead to TR, such as hypertension, heart disease, and valve abnormalities.
In order to detect and manage any abnormalities as soon as possible, individuals with TR risk factors should undergo regular medical check-ups and cardiac evaluations.
Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can reduce the risk of developing heart conditions that can lead to TR.
