This article provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of testicle lumps, also known as testicular masses or swellings.
Causes:
There are several causes of testicle lumps, including:
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In testicular torsion, the spermatic cord becomes twisted, decreasing blood flow to the testicle and causing a lump to develop.
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Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube behind the testicle, can cause swelling and tenderness.
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In hydrocele, the testicle is swollen or lumpy due to an accumulation of fluid.
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As with varicose veins, varicocele can cause a soft, squishy lump in the scrotum.
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It is less common, but testicular cancer can present as a lump or swelling within the testes.
Symptoms:
Testicle lumps can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the underlying cause:
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Testicular swelling or enlargement
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Scrotum or groin pain
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Testicular heaviness or pressure
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Testicle texture or consistency changes, such as hardness or softness
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Scrotal redness, warmth, or tenderness
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Fluid-filled sacs (hydrocele) or enlarged veins (varicocele)
Diagnosis:
Testicle lumps are diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Diagnostic procedures may include:
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A healthcare provider will visually inspect and palpate the scrotum and testicles for swelling, tenderness, or abnormalities.
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Testicle lumps can be diagnosed by asking about symptoms, duration, and any associated factors such as trauma or previous infections.
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In ultrasound imaging, the internal structures of the scrotum and testicles can be visualized, abnormalities assessed, and the nature of the lump determined.
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Testing for markers of inflammation, infection, or tumor markers may be ordered for testicular cancer patients.
Treatment:
The treatment for a testicle lump depends on the underlying cause and may include:
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When benign lumps such as hydrocele or varicocele are not causing discomfort or affecting testicular function, observation may be recommended.
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Infections such as epididymitis may be treated with antibiotics, while pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications may alleviate symptoms.
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In conditions such as testicular torsion, hydrocele, or varicocele that do not respond to conservative measures, surgery may be necessary.
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If testicular cancer is suspected or diagnosed, treatment may consist of removing the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surveillance.
Prevention:
Despite the fact that some causes of testicle lumps cannot be prevented, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk and promote their testicular health, such as:
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Examining the testicles routinely for lumps, swelling, or changes in size, shape, or consistency can help detect abnormalities early and facilitate prompt medical evaluation.
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Testicle lumps can be prevented by wearing protective equipment during sports or activities that may pose a risk of injury to the groin area.
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Medical attention should be sought as soon as possible if you notice any new or concerning symptoms, such as testicle lumps, pain, or swelling.
