This article provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of testicle lumps, also known as testicular masses or swellings.
There are several causes of testicle lumps, including:
In testicular torsion, the spermatic cord becomes twisted, decreasing blood flow to the testicle and causing a lump to develop.
Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube behind the testicle, can cause swelling and tenderness.
In hydrocele, the testicle is swollen or lumpy due to an accumulation of fluid.
As with varicose veins, varicocele can cause a soft, squishy lump in the scrotum.
It is less common, but testicular cancer can present as a lump or swelling within the testes.
Testicle lumps can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the underlying cause:
Testicular swelling or enlargement
Scrotum or groin pain
Testicular heaviness or pressure
Testicle texture or consistency changes, such as hardness or softness
Scrotal redness, warmth, or tenderness
Fluid-filled sacs (hydrocele) or enlarged veins (varicocele)
Testicle lumps are diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Diagnostic procedures may include:
A healthcare provider will visually inspect and palpate the scrotum and testicles for swelling, tenderness, or abnormalities.
Testicle lumps can be diagnosed by asking about symptoms, duration, and any associated factors such as trauma or previous infections.
In ultrasound imaging, the internal structures of the scrotum and testicles can be visualized, abnormalities assessed, and the nature of the lump determined.
Testing for markers of inflammation, infection, or tumor markers may be ordered for testicular cancer patients.
The treatment for a testicle lump depends on the underlying cause and may include:
When benign lumps such as hydrocele or varicocele are not causing discomfort or affecting testicular function, observation may be recommended.
Infections such as epididymitis may be treated with antibiotics, while pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications may alleviate symptoms.
In conditions such as testicular torsion, hydrocele, or varicocele that do not respond to conservative measures, surgery may be necessary.
If testicular cancer is suspected or diagnosed, treatment may consist of removing the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surveillance.
Despite the fact that some causes of testicle lumps cannot be prevented, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk and promote their testicular health, such as:
Examining the testicles routinely for lumps, swelling, or changes in size, shape, or consistency can help detect abnormalities early and facilitate prompt medical evaluation.
Testicle lumps can be prevented by wearing protective equipment during sports or activities that may pose a risk of injury to the groin area.
Medical attention should be sought as soon as possible if you notice any new or concerning symptoms, such as testicle lumps, pain, or swelling.
