As the tibial nerve passes through the tarsal tunnel, located on the inside of the ankle, tarsal tunnel syndrome can cause compression or irritation. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is discussed in this article in terms of causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
There are a number of factors that can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome, including:
Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be caused by prolonged standing, walking, or running.
An ankle injury, such as a sprain or fracture, can cause inflammation and compression of the tibial nerve.
The tibial nerve can be compressed by flat feet, varicose veins, cysts, and tumors within the tarsal tunnel.
There are certain medical conditions that can increase the risk of nerve compression, such as diabetes, arthritis, or peripheral neuropathy.
Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome typically manifest along the inner side of the ankle, including:
Radiating pain or burning from the ankle to the sole of the foot
Foot or toe numbness or tingling
Feelings of electric shock or shooting
Foot weakness or muscle atrophy
Standing or walking for long periods of time is difficult
Symptoms worsen with activity or at night
In order to diagnose tarsal tunnel syndrome, a thorough clinical evaluation is required, which may include:
The healthcare provider will ask about symptoms, medical history, and any predisposing factors.
Examine the affected foot's range of motion, muscle strength, and sensation.
People with tarsal tunnel syndrome may experience tingling or shooting pain when tapping over the tunnel.
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies can assess the tibial nerve's function and conduction velocity.
In order to visualize anatomical abnormalities or compression sources within the tarsal tunnel, X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be used.
Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be relieved and the underlying cause can be addressed by a variety of treatments, such as:
Inflammation and pain can be alleviated by resting and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
Using custom-made orthotic inserts or supportive footwear can help correct foot mechanics and reduce tibial nerve pressure.
Ankle stability, flexibility, and muscle balance can be improved through stretching and strengthening exercises.
Pain and inflammation may be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections.
To relieve pressure on the tibial nerve, surgical decompression of the tarsal tunnel may be necessary in severe or refractory cases.
Individuals can reduce their risk of tarsal tunnel syndrome by taking steps such as:
During physical activity, avoid excessive strain on the feet and ankles.
It is important to wear supportive footwear that provides arch support and cushioning.
To reduce pressure on the feet and ankles, maintain a healthy weight.
Maintaining flexibility and preventing muscle imbalances by performing regular stretching exercises.
To prevent progression and complications of tarsal tunnel syndrome, seek immediate medical attention if you experience any symptoms.
