The Tarlov cyst is a fluid-filled sac that usually develops along the spinal cord's nerve roots, also known as a perineural cyst. Although Tarlov cysts are not fully understood, they may cause neurological symptoms and discomfort. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Tarlov cysts.
Several factors may contribute to the development of Tarlov cysts, including:
An abnormality in the nerve sheath or the surrounding tissues can cause Tarlov cysts to develop at birth.
Injuries or trauma to the spine can cause Tarlov cysts.
Tarlov cysts may develop over time as a result of degenerative changes in the spine.
A Tarlov cyst may not always cause symptoms and may only be detected incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
Back pain in the lower back
A feeling of numbness or pain in the buttocks, legs, or feet
Leg weakness or tingling
Dysfunction of the bladder or bowel
Dysfunction in sexual relations
Migraines or headaches
Walking or standing for long periods of time is difficult
Typically, Tarlov cysts are diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Diagnostic procedures may include:
Inquiry about symptoms and physical examination: A healthcare provider will assess neurological function by asking about symptoms.
The most effective imaging modality for visualizing Tarlov cysts and assessing their size and location is MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
In order to evaluate nerve function and rule out other neurological conditions, electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies may be performed.
In order to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, Tarlov cysts may be treated with:
Pain management techniques, physical therapy, and activity modification may provide symptomatic relief.
To relieve pressure and reduce symptoms, fluid may be aspirated or drained from the cyst using a needle guided by imaging techniques.
Different surgical techniques may be employed, such as cyst fenestration, cyst wall excision, or cyst resection, to remove large or symptomatic cysts that do not respond to conservative measures.
Because the exact cause of Tarlov cysts is unclear, specific prevention strategies are difficult to define. However, individuals can minimize the risk of spinal injuries and trauma by:
Lifting heavy objects or performing physical activities with good posture and body mechanics.
The use of proper safety equipment during sports and recreational activities can prevent spinal injuries.
In case of spinal cord or nerve root compression, seek immediate medical attention.
