In retinal detachment, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye pulls away from its normal position, causing permanent vision loss. This condition requires immediate medical attention. In this article, we examine the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of retinal detachment.
There are various factors that can cause retinal detachment from the underlying layers of the eye. Common causes include:
The vitreous gel inside the eye may shrink and pull away from the retina as people age, resulting in retinal tears or breaks.
It is possible for the retina to tear or detach as a result of blunt force trauma or injury to the eye.
There is a risk of retinal detachment associated with certain eye surgeries, such as cataract surgery or vitrectomy.
Predisposing conditions include diabetic retinopathy, lattice degeneration, and posterior vitreous detachment.
The risk of retinal detachment may increase if you have a family history of it or if you have certain genetic disorders.
A retinal detachment may cause the following symptoms:
Dark spots or specks floating in the field of vision are called floaters.
In peripheral vision, you may see brief flashes or streaks of light.
Seeing through a veil or curtain may cause blurred vision.
Dark spots or areas of vision loss can appear, especially in the peripheral vision.
If a large portion of the retina detaches, vision may suddenly decline.
An eye care professional will perform a comprehensive eye examination to diagnose retinal detachment. Diagnostic procedures may include:
During a dilated eye exam, the eye care provider examines the retina for signs of detachment, tears, or breaks.
If bleeding or other factors obstruct the view of the retina, ultrasound can be used to visualize the retina and assess the extent of detachment.
Retinal detachment typically requires surgical intervention to reconnect the retina and prevent further vision loss. Common treatment options include:
This procedure involves placing a flexible band (scleral buckle) around the outside of the eye to hold the retina in place while gently pushing it back into place.
The vitreous gel inside the eye is removed and replaced with a gas bubble or silicone oil to support the retina.
To seal retinal tears or breaks and prevent further fluid leakage, laser surgery (photocoagulation) or cryotherapy may be used.
The following steps should be taken to prevent retinal detachment:
A regular eye exam can help detect early signs of retinal tears or detachments and enable prompt treatment.
During sports or activities that pose a risk of eye injury, wearing protective eyewear can help prevent trauma-related retinal detachment.
Controlling underlying eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy and high myopia, can reduce the risk of retinal detachment.
