Medical conditions that affect the rectum, the final part of the large intestine, are known as rectal disorders. Here, we discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rectal disorders. Rectal disorders can cause discomfort, pain, and changes in bowel habits.
There are many factors that can cause rectal disorders, including:
Having constipation or diarrhea can cause straining during bowel movements and irritation of the rectal area.
As a result of increased pressure during bowel movements, hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area
Anal fissures, small tears in the anus lining, caused by passing hard or large stools
A condition in which the rectum protrudes through the anus, often caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles
The rectum can be irritated and ulcerated by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
Rectal disorders may cause the following symptoms:
Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, especially during bowel movements
Blood on toilet paper or significant bleeding into the toilet can be a sign of rectal bleeding
Rectal itching or irritation
Hemorrhoids are swelling or lumps around the anus
Bowel movement difficulty or pain
Constipation or diarrhea are changes in bowel habits
Typically, rectal disorders are diagnosed through a combination of a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Diagnostic procedures may include:
Hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or other abnormalities can be detected by a digital rectal examination
Visualizing the rectum and anus and identifying any lesions or inflammation with an angioscopy or proctoscopy
Evaluation of the entire colon and rectum for signs of inflammation or other abnormalities with a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
MRI or CT scans to assess rectal prolapse or other structural abnormalities
Rectal disorders are treated according to the underlying cause of the condition. Common treatment approaches include:
Changing your diet and lifestyle to relieve constipation and diarrhea symptoms
Reduce inflammation, pain, and itching in the rectal area with topical treatments, such as ointments or suppositories
Anal fissures and hemorrhoids can be soothed with seat baths or warm compresses
Manage symptoms and reduce inflammation with medications, such as stool softeners, fiber supplements, or anti-inflammatory drugs
Certain rectal disorders, such as severe hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, or anal fistulas, may require surgical intervention
Rectal disorders can be prevented by:
To prevent constipation and promote regular bowel movements, consume a healthy diet high in fiber and fluids
Practicing good bowel habits, such as using the bathroom when needed and not delaying defecation, prevents straining during bowel movements
Following bowel movements, clean the anal area gently with mild soap and water
To prevent complications and ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, seek medical attention as soon as you notice any rectal symptoms or changes in bowel habits
