As a result of the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, pulmonary edema causes difficulty breathing and other respiratory symptoms. For prompt management and improved outcomes, it is vital to understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary edema.
Various factors disrupt the balance of fluid in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema, including:
Fluid can accumulate in the lungs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively.
Pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or inhalation of toxic fumes can lead to pulmonary edema.
A change in atmospheric pressure can cause fluid leakage into the lungs at high altitudes.
Fluid retention can lead to pulmonary edema due to impaired kidney function.
As a side effect of certain medications, such as opioids, fluid can accumulate in the lungs.
The symptoms of pulmonary edema are determined by the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but common symptoms include:
Exertion or lying down can cause shortness of breath.
Breathing that is rapid and shallow.
Intense coughing or wheezing, often with pink-tinged sputum.
Pain or tightness in the chest.
Symptoms include a bluish tint to the lips or fingertips (cyanosis).
Medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are typically used to diagnose pulmonary edema.
An X-ray of the chest is used to visualize fluid accumulation in the lungs.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed to assess heart function and rule out cardiac causes.
Oxygen levels and kidney function are assessed by blood tests.
In case of suspected heart failure, an echocardiogram is performed to assess the structure and function of the heart.
A common treatment approach for pulmonary edema involves reducing fluid buildup in the lungs and improving respiratory function.
An oxygen therapy that improves blood oxygenation.
Excess fluid from the body can be removed with diuretic medications.
Medications to improve heart function and reduce blood pressure if heart failure is the underlying problem.
In severe cases, mechanical ventilation is used to support breathing and oxygenation.
In order to prevent pulmonary edema, you should manage underlying health conditions and adopt healthy lifestyle habits, such as:
Chronic conditions such as heart failure, high blood pressure, and kidney disease can be managed.
Smoking and secondhand smoke should be avoided.
Treatment regimens for respiratory infections or other lung conditions should be followed.
Acclimate gradually to high altitudes to reduce the risk of altitude-related pulmonary edema.
