The rectum lining is inflamed in proctitis. Here's a breakdown of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention:
There are a number of factors that can cause proctitis, including:
Proctitis can occur as a result of sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, or human papillomavirus (HPV).
Proctitis can result from inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
A proctitis can result from radiation treatment for cancers in the pelvic area, such as prostate, cervical, or rectal cancers.
In some cases, the immune system can mistakenly attack the rectal lining, leading to inflammation and proctitis.
There are several symptoms of proctitis, including:
Blood in the rectum
Pain or discomfort in the rectum
Discharge from the colon
Having a bowel movement when the rectum is empty is called tenesmus.
Constipation or diarrhea
Constipation that is urgent or frequent
Bowel movements that are painful
Infection-induced fever or chills
During a physical examination and medical history review, a healthcare provider diagnoses proctitis. It is possible to evaluate the rectal lining, identify underlying causes such as infections or inflammatory bowel disease, and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms with the use of tests such as stool analysis, blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.
Depending on the underlying cause of proctitis, treatment may include:
In cases of inflammatory bowel disease-related proctitis, anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed, such as corticosteroids and mesalamine, to reduce inflammation and symptoms.
Proctitis caused by herpes simplex virus or other viral infections can be treated with antiviral drugs.
Proctitis pain can be alleviated with over-the-counter pain relievers or topical treatments like sitz baths or rectal suppositories.
To remove damaged tissue or repair the rectum, surgical intervention may be needed in severe cases of proctitis or complications such as rectal strictures or fistulas.
Proctitis can be prevented by:
Use of condoms during sexual activity can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
By seeking prompt medical attention for symptoms of proctitis, such as rectal bleeding or discomfort, underlying causes may be identified and treated early, reducing complications.
Proctitis can be detected and managed early with regular screenings and monitoring for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease or pelvic radiation therapy.
