However, genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to polydactyly, even though it is not always clear what causes it. A person may inherit polydactyly from one or both parents in some cases, while in others, the trait may be inherited sporadically, with no clear family history.
Polydactyly may cause the following symptoms:
The presence of additional digits on the hands or feet is the most obvious sign of polydactyly.
The severity and appearance of polydactyly can vary widely, from small, skin-covered bumps to fully formed extra fingers or toes.
In some cases, polydactyly can be associated with other congenital anomalies, such as syndactyly (fused fingers or toes).
It is common to diagnose polydactyly with a physical examination combined with imaging studies, such as X-rays, which evaluate the structure and alignment of the extra digits. In cases where there is a family history of polydactyly or suspicion of an underlying genetic syndrome, genetic testing may be recommended.
Polydactyly is treated according to its severity and the functional and cosmetic implications of the extra digits. Treatment options include:
Excision of the extra digits may be recommended for cosmetic reasons or to improve function of the hand or foot.
Surgical reconstruction may be performed to realign or reshape the extra digits and improve their appearance and function if they are well-formed and functional.
In cases where surgery has been performed, regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor any complications or recurrence of polydactyly.
It is important to note that polydactyly is usually a congenital anomaly with a genetic basis, so there are no specific measures for preventing it. For individuals with a family history of polydactyly or other congenital anomalies, genetic counseling may be recommended to assess the risk of recurrence and provide information and support for future pregnancies.
