We will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies associated with plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome.
It is possible to develop plagiocephaly for a variety of reasons, but one of the most common causes is positional plagiocephaly, which occurs when a child's head is consistently positioned the same way for extended periods of time. When one sleeps on one side of the head consistently or spends excessive time lying on the back, this can result. Plagiocephaly may also be caused by tight neck muscles (torticollis), premature closure of the skull sutures (craniosynostosis), or intrauterine constraint.
It is characterized by an asymmetrical or flattened head shape, which is more noticeable on one side of the head. Plagiocephaly may also be accompanied by developmental delays or difficulties with head movement in some cases. Other signs may include facial asymmetry, uneven ear positioning, and a prominence on one side of the forehead.
A healthcare professional can diagnose plagiocephaly by examining the shape and symmetry of the skull, as well as taking measurements to determine the severity of the condition. To rule out other underlying conditions, such as craniosynostosis, imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans may be performed.
The treatment for plagiocephaly depends on its severity and the underlying cause. The skull can be flattened further by repositioning techniques and encouraging supervised tummy time in cases of positional plagiocephaly. Plagiocephaly can be treated through physical therapy, which addresses neck muscle tightness (torticollis). To help reshape the skull in more severe or persistent cases, cranial orthotics, such as helmets or bands, may be prescribed. In rare cases of severe plagiocephaly or craniosynostosis that do not respond to conservative treatment, surgery may be considered.
Plagiocephaly can be prevented by promoting proper head positioning and minimizing pressure on the baby's skull. When the baby is awake, encourage supervised tummy time, alternate the direction in which the baby's head turns during sleep, and make sure that the baby does not spend excessive time in devices that can cause prolonged pressure on one part of their skull, such as car seats, swings, or bouncers. Plagiocephaly can also be prevented or minimized by seeking early intervention for conditions such as torticollis.
