This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies associated with pingueculas, which are common noncancerous growths on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye.
The most common cause of pinguecula is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Other factors that may contribute to its development include dust, wind, and dry climates. Inflammation and irritation of the conjunctiva can also contribute to pinguecula development.
An inflamed or swollen pinguecula appears near the cornea as a yellowish or white bump on the conjunctiva. Most of the time, it does not cause any symptoms. However, some people may experience irritation, redness, dryness, or a feeling that something is in their eyes. Rarely, pinguecula become inflamed or swollen, resulting in discomfort and vision changes.
Pinguecula is usually diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination conducted by an eye care professional. A characteristic appearance of a raised, yellowish or white lesion on the conjunctiva helps identify it. To assess the extent of inflammation or rule out other eye conditions, additional tests can be performed, such as slit-lamp examination or fluorescein staining.
For mild symptoms of pinguecula, lubricating eye drops or artificial tears may be prescribed to alleviate dryness and irritation. If it causes significant discomfort or interferes with vision, it does not require treatment. To reduce swelling and redness, steroid eye drops or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed if inflammation is present. Pingueculas may be surgically removed in rare cases when they cause persistent discomfort, affect vision, or become inflamed and do not respond to conservative treatment.
To reduce the risk of pinguecula, wear sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays, particularly in sunny or high-glare environments. Additionally, wearing protective eyewear, such as goggles or sunglasses, during activities that expose the eyes to dust, wind, or debris can help prevent conjunctiva irritation. As well as maintaining good eye hygiene, avoiding rubbing or scratching the eyes can help reduce the risk of developing pinguecula.
