A congenital condition called pectus excavatum, also called sunken chest or funnel chest, characterized by an abnormal indentation of the sternum and rib cage. Although it is mainly a cosmetic issue, severe cases can result in respiratory or cardiovascular complications. Here are some things to know about it:
A genetic component of pectus excavatum is believed to play a major role in its development. It often runs in families and may be associated with certain connective tissue disorders. Pectus excavatum may also occur during fetal development as a result of abnormal chest wall growth or development.
Pectus excavatum is characterized by an inward depression of the chest, ranging in severity from mild to severe. The indentation may be barely noticeable in mild cases, while in severe cases, it can result in significant functional impairment and deformity. Shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and exercise intolerance are other symptoms that may occur.
Pectus excavatum is usually diagnosed by a physical examination and a discussion of the patient's medical history and symptoms. The healthcare provider may also order imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans to evaluate the severity of the chest deformity and assess any potential impact on the heart and lungs. Additional tests may be required to rule out associated complications, such as pulmonary function tests or echocardiograms.
Depending on its severity and the presence of associated symptoms, pectus excavatum can be treated differently. A mild case may not require treatment, particularly if there are no significant symptoms or functional impairments. It may be necessary to perform surgery for more severe cases or those associated with respiratory or cardiovascular complications.
Nuss procedure is the most common surgical procedure for correcting pectus excavatum, which involves inserting a metal bar under the sternum to gradually push it outward into a more normal position. Adolescents and young adults typically undergo this procedure, which has a high success rate and a relatively low risk of complications. Some individuals with certain medical conditions or older individuals may be able to undergo a modified version of the procedure.
Since pectus excavatum is primarily a congenital condition with a genetic component, it cannot be completely prevented. In order to minimize the impact of the condition on overall health and quality of life, early detection and prompt treatment of associated symptoms or complications may be helpful. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and proper nutrition may help promote optimal growth and development of the chest wall during childhood and adolescence.
Essentially, pectus excavatum is a congenital chest deformity characterized by an inward indentation of the sternum and rib cage. While primarily cosmetic, severe cases can cause respiratory or cardiovascular complications. In order to manage this condition effectively and improve the well-being of affected individuals, it is crucial to understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. A healthcare professional should be consulted if you suspect you or your child may have pectus excavatum.
