The patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect characterized by the persistence of a fetal blood vessel, the ductus arteriosus, after birth.
In PDA, the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta during fetal development, fails to close after birth.
As a result of the immaturity of the cardiovascular system, premature babies are at a greater risk of developing PDA.
Some genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, place a person at an increased risk for PDA.
Factors such as maternal infections or exposure to toxins during pregnancy may increase the risk of PDA.
The first sign of PDA in infants is typically a characteristic heart murmur heard with a stethoscope.
Shortness of breath, rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing are some respiratory symptoms infants with PDA may experience.
It is possible for infants with significant PDA to experience difficulty feeding or poor weight gain.
Children with PDA may face fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance as a result of the increased workload on their hearts.
A health care provider may evaluate a patient further for PDA if they detect a heart murmur during a routine physical examination.
A diagnostic test called an echocardiogram is the primary means of confirming the presence of PDA and assessing its severity.
An X-ray of the chest can be performed to detect signs of heart enlargement or pulmonary congestion and to evaluate the size and shape of the heart.
To promote closure of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants, medications such as indomethacin or ibuprofen may be prescribed.
Surgical closure may be required for infants or children with significant PDA or who do not respond to medical treatment. It involves ligating the ductus arteriosus through a small chest incision.
A minimally invasive procedure called transcatheter occlusion can be used to close a PDA in certain cases. This involves inserting a closure device through a catheter guided to the heart.
PDA risk factors can be identified and managed with appropriate prenatal care, which includes regular prenatal checkups and screenings.
It is recommended that pregnant women avoid exposure to known risk factors, like maternal infections and toxins, to reduce their risk of developing PDA.
A genetic counselor may be recommended for families with a history of congenital heart defects or genetic conditions associated with PDA to help them understand their risk and make informed decisions.
