A common skin condition, paronychia affects the nail area. It is caused by bacteria, yeast, or a combination of both. It may develop quickly or last for a long time, depending on how long it lasts. We will explain the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of paronychia in this blog post.
Trauma, chemicals, moisture, or other factors can damage or irritate the skin around the nails. This allows bacteria and yeast to enter the skin and cause an infection.
Biting or picking at the nails or cuticles.
Manicures or pedicures that injure the skin or cut too deep into the nail fold.
Exposure to detergents, solvents, or other harsh substances that irritate the skin.
Working with water or in wet environments for prolonged periods of time.
Having underlying skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or diabetes that affect the skin barrier and immunity.
Taking certain medications such as steroids, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressants that weaken the immune system.
Paronychia can affect one or more nails on the fingers or toes. The symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Some of the common symptoms of paronychia are:
Redness, swelling, and tenderness of the skin around the nail.
Pus-filled blisters or abscesses that may drain yellow or green fluid.
Changes in the shape, color, or texture of the nail.
Separation of the nail from the nail bed or loss of the nail.
The diagnosis of paronychia is usually based on a thorough examination of the affected nail as well as the surrounding skin. Occasionally, the doctor may send a sample of pus or fluid from the infection to a laboratory for testing. The doctor may also ask about your medical history, medications, and exposure to potential irritants. By identifying the type of bacteria or yeast causing the infection, he or she can determine the most effective treatment.
The treatment of paronychia depends on the cause and severity of the infection. The main goals of treatment are to relieve pain and inflammation, drain any pus or fluid, and clear the infection. Some of the common treatment options for paronychia are:
Warm soaks: Soaking the infected nail in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes several times a day can help reduce pain and swelling and soften the skin for drainage.
Antibiotics: Oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics can also prevent complications such as cellulitis (skin infection) or osteomyelitis (bone infection).
Antifungals: Oral or topical antifungals may be prescribed to treat fungal infections. Antifungals can also prevent recurrence of chronic paronychia.
Drainage: If there is a large amount of pus or fluid in the infection, the doctor may perform a minor procedure to drain it. This may involve making a small incision in the skin or removing part of the nail.
Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged tissue or bone from severe infections.
Paronychia can be prevented by taking good care of your nails and avoiding factors that can damage or irritate your skin. Some of the preventive measures for paronychia are:
Keep your nails clean and dry. Trim them regularly and avoid biting or picking at them.
Wear gloves when handling chemicals, detergents, or other substances that can irritate your skin.
Moisturize your hands and feet after washing them or exposing them to water.
Avoid manicures or pedicures that cut too deep into your nail fold or use unsterilized tools.
Treat any underlying skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or diabetes that may affect your skin health and immunity.
Consult your doctor if you notice any signs of infection such as redness, swelling, pain, pus, or changes in your nail.
