Mumps is a contagious viral infection that affects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands near the ears. In addition to fever, headache, muscle pain, and swelling of the face and jaw, mumps can also affect the brain, the pancreas, or the testicles, and cause serious complications. Mumps can be prevented by vaccination, but there is no specific treatment for it.
In the paramyxovirus family, the mumps virus is responsible for the disease. Through respiratory droplets, saliva, or contact with contaminated objects, the virus is spread from person to person. Usually, mumps incubates for 16 to 18 days, but it can last up to 25 days. From two days before to five days after the onset of symptoms, mumps is most contagious.
The most common symptom of mumps is parotitis, an inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands. Parotitis can affect one or both sides of the face, causing pain, tenderness, and difficulty chewing or swallowing. Parotitis typically lasts about a week, but can last longer if left untreated.
Mumps may also cause the following symptoms:
Fever
Having a headache
Pain in the muscles
Fatigue
Appetite loss
Mouth feeling dry
Despite mild or no symptoms, people with mumps can still spread the virus.
Symptoms of mumps, including parotitis, can be used to diagnose it. A blood test can be performed to detect antibodies against the mumps virus, which indicates an infection with the virus. For the purpose of isolating the virus and confirming the diagnosis, saliva or urine samples can also be taken.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for mumps. The treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.
Drinking plenty of fluids and resting
Reduce fever and pain with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
Cold or warm compresses can be applied to swollen glands
Choosing soft foods that don't require much chewing
Keep your salivary glands healthy by avoiding sour or acidic foods and drinks
To soothe a sore throat, gargle with warm salt water
Mumps sufferers should stay home, avoid contact with others, cover their mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing, and wash their hands frequently until they are no longer contagious.
A vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is the best way to prevent mumps. It is administered in two doses, usually at 12 to 15 months and at 4 to 6 years of age. It is safe and effective, but it does not provide complete protection. Some people may still get mumps after being vaccinated, but they usually suffer milder symptoms and have fewer complications.
Among the other preventive measures are:
Stay away from people who have mumps or symptoms of mumps
Sharing utensils, cups, or other items that may contain saliva
Surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with the virus should be cleaned and disinfected
Washing hands often with soap and water and practicing good hygiene
