The left atrium and left ventricle of the heart are connected by a valve called the mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The valve has two flaps (leaflets) that normally open and close to allow blood to flow in one direction. MVP results in the leaflets bulging backward into the left atrium when the heart contracts because they are too stretched or have extra tissue. Blood can leak backward across the valve as a result, a condition known as mitral valve regurgitation.
A number of factors may contribute to MVP, including genetic factors, connective tissue disorders, and other heart conditions.
MVP or other heart valve diseases in the family
Syndromes that affect connective tissues, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
A condition that affects the muscles or bones, such as muscular dystrophy, Graves' disease, or scoliosis
Young, thin, or female
There are many people with MVP who have no symptoms and may not even know they have it. However, some people may experience:
Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeats
Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
Exercise or lying down can cause shortness of breath
Weakness or fatigue
Pain or discomfort in the chest that is not related to a heart attack
Nervousness or anxiety
Symptoms of MVP vary from person to person and may change over time. Stress, caffeine, alcohol, or certain medications may also trigger MVP.
An echocardiogram, a type of ultrasound that examines the structure and function of the heart, is usually used to diagnose MVP. As well as confirming the diagnosis, echocardiograms can also determine the severity of the prolapse and regurgitation. A number of other tests may be performed to evaluate MVP, including:
A chest X-ray to determine if the heart or lungs are enlarged
A heart electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) measures electrical activity in the heart and detects arrhythmias
To provide detailed images of the heart and valves, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used
The purpose of a coronary angiogram is to rule out any blockages in the blood vessels that supply the heart
MVP requires a variety of treatments, depending on its severity and symptoms. Many MVP patients do not require treatment, but they should follow a healthy lifestyle and have regular checkups with their doctor. In some cases, medications may be necessary to manage their symptoms or prevent complications. These include:
Reduces palpitations and chest pain with beta blockers by lowering blood pressure and heart rate
Medications that prevent blood clots from forming and reduce stroke risk
Antiplatelets, to prevent platelets from sticking together and clotting
In order to relieve chest pain or discomfort, analgesics are prescribed
It is possible for people with severe MVP and regurgitation to need surgery or a procedure to repair or replace the valve.
Repairing valves involves tightening or reshaping the leaflets or the annulus to improve their performance
Changing a damaged valve with an artificial one made of metal, plastic, or animal tissue involves removing the damaged valve and replacing it with an artificial one
There are several factors that influence the type of surgery or procedure, such as the patient's age, health, and preference, as well as the surgeon's availability and expertise.
Despite the fact that MVP cannot be prevented, there are some steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life. These steps include:
Maintaining a balanced diet that is low in salt, fat, and cholesterol
Regular exercise, but avoid strenuous activities that can strain the heart
Avoiding secondhand smoke and quitting smoking
Consumption of alcohol and caffeine should be limited
Anxiety and stress management
Following the doctor's instructions and taking medications as prescribed
Consult your doctor if you experience any new or worsening symptoms
Getting regular dental check-ups and taking antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent infections that may affect the heart valves
