In a hip or shoulder socket, a labrum tear occurs when the cartilage lining the kidney tears. It is responsible for stabilizing the joint and cushioning the bones from friction. When the labrum tears, the affected joint may be painful, stiff, clicking, and limited in its range of motion. Hockey, soccer, golf, and baseball are sports that involve repetitive or forceful hip or shoulder movements.
Degeneration or trauma may cause labral tears. Trauma occurs when an injury occurs suddenly, such as a fall, a collision, or a dislocation. As one ages, overuses the joint, or if there are underlying conditions that affect the joint, such as arthritis, impingement, or dysplasia, cartilage gradually wears and tears.
The symptoms of a labral tear may vary depending on the location, size, and type of the tear. Some people may not have any symptoms, while others may experience:
Pain in the hip or shoulder, especially with certain movements or positions
Stiffness or limited range of motion in the joint
Clicking, catching, or locking sensation in the joint
Weakness or instability of the joint
Reduced performance or difficulty with sports or daily activities
It is possible to diagnose a labral tear through a physical examination and imaging tests. The physical examination involves checking the joint for pain, tenderness, swelling, range of motion, and stability. X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be used to confirm the tear's location and extent as well as rule out other possible causes.
The treatment of a labral tear depends on the severity, location, and cause of the tear, as well as the patient’s age, activity level, and preferences. The treatment options may include:
Medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections, to reduce pain and inflammation
Physical therapy, to improve the strength and flexibility of the muscles and tendons around the joint and to correct the posture and biomechanics of the joint
Surgery, to repair or remove the torn cartilage and to address any underlying problems that may have contributed to the tear, such as impingement, dysplasia, or arthritis. Surgery is usually done arthroscopically, which involves making small incisions and using a camera and specialized instruments to access the joint.
A labral tear is not entirely preventable, since it is often caused by genetics, aging, or accidents. However, certain steps can be taken to reduce the likelihood of developing or worsening a labral tear, such as:
Avoiding activities that can cause excessive stress or impact on the joint, such as contact sports, diving, or heavy lifting
Warming up properly before exercising and cooling down afterward
Stretching and strengthening the muscles and tendons around the joint regularly
Using proper techniques and equipment when playing sports or performing daily activities
Maintaining a healthy weight and a balanced diet
Seeking medical attention promptly if the joint is injured or painful
