Inguinal hernias are common conditions that affect the groin area. Inguinal hernias occur when intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot or tear in the lower abdominal wall, creating a bulge or lump in the abdomen. We will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of inguinal hernias in this blog post.
As a result of aging, chronic coughing, straining, obesity, or injury, the abdominal wall weakens over time, causing an inguinal hernia, either direct or indirect. It is easier for abdominal tissue to push through the wall directly into the inguinal canal, which runs along the groin. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than women and usually affect older adults.
During birth, the inguinal canal fails to close correctly, leaving an opening that allows abdominal tissue to enter. While this type of hernia is more common in infants and children, especially boys, it can affect anyone. In addition to pregnancy, heavy lifting, constipation, or ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), indirect inguinal hernias can also be caused by increased abdominal pressure.
Some people with an inguinal hernia may not have any symptoms at all. However, others may experience one or more of the following signs and symptoms:
A visible or palpable bulge in the groin or scrotum that may become more noticeable when standing, coughing, sneezing, or straining.
Pain or discomfort in the groin area that may worsen with movement or pressure.
A feeling of heaviness or dragging in the groin.
Weakness or pressure in the groin.
Swelling or tenderness around the testicles (in men).
It is possible for an inguinal hernia to become trapped (incarcerated) or strangulated in the abdominal wall. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Severe pain and swelling in the groin.
Nausea and vomiting.
Fever.
Difficulty passing stool or gas.
A red, purple, or dark-colored bulge.
Your doctor will examine your body and ask you about your medical history in order to diagnose an inguinal hernia. Your doctor will look for a bulge in your groin area and gently press on it to see if it can be pushed back into the abdomen. You may also be asked to cough or strain to make the hernia more noticeable.
To confirm your diagnosis and rule out other causes of your symptoms, your doctor may order imaging tests like an ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. Additionally, these tests can be used to determine whether the hernia is trapped or strangulated, as well as its size and location.
The only way to permanently fix an inguinal hernia is through surgery. However, not all inguinal hernias require surgery. Your doctor will recommend the best treatment option for you based on your age, health condition, type, and size.
If your hernia is small and does not cause any symptoms or complications, your doctor may advise you to watch and wait. In this case, you will monitor and report any changes or problems to your doctor. It may also be recommended that you wear a supportive device to keep your hernia in place and prevent it from getting worse, such as a belt or truss.
Your doctor will likely recommend surgery if your hernia is large, painful, bothersome, or at risk of becoming trapped or strangulated. There are two main types of inguinal hernia surgery: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery.
In open surgery, the herniated tissue is pushed back into the abdomen through an incision in your groin. This weakness in the abdominal wall is then repaired with stitches or mesh to prevent recurrence. There are two types of anesthesia for open surgery: general anesthesia (you are asleep) and local anesthesia (you are awake but numb).
A laparoscopic procedure involves making several small incisions in your abdomen and inserting a thin tube with a camera and surgical instruments (laparoscope). Under general anesthesia, your surgeon will be able to see inside your abdomen and perform the same procedure as open surgery with smaller tools.
The success rates and risks of laparoscopic surgery are similar to those of open surgery, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, recurrence, chronic pain, or damage to nearby organs. However, laparoscopic surgery may have some advantages over open surgery, including:
Smaller scars and less pain.
Shorter hospital stay and faster recovery.
Less chance of developing a hernia in the opposite groin (contralateral hernia).
Your doctor will discuss the pros and cons of each type of surgery with you and help you decide which one is best for you.
Unless you have a congenital defect or a family history of hernias, you cannot prevent an inguinal hernia. However, you can reduce your risk by following these tips:
Maintain a healthy weight and avoid obesity.
Eat a high-fiber diet and drink plenty of water to prevent constipation and straining.
Avoid heavy lifting or use proper techniques when lifting.
Quit smoking and avoid chronic coughing.
Exercise regularly and strengthen your abdominal muscles.
Seek medical attention if you have symptoms of an inguinal hernia or any other abdominal problem.
Anyone can suffer from an inguinal hernia, which is a common and treatable condition. Ask your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about your inguinal hernia. They can provide you with more information and guidance on how to manage your condition and improve your quality of life.
