A fibroadenoma is not cancerous and mostly affects young women. A fibroadenoma is a solid lump that is firm, smooth, and rubbery. It is not painful or causes other symptoms. It may need to be monitored or removed in some cases, but fibroadenoma is not a risk factor for breast cancer.
The exact cause of fibroadenoma is unknown, but it may be associated with hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. Fibroadenoma occurs more frequently in women with a family history of breast cancer, but it is not inherited.
There are usually no symptoms associated with fibroadenoma, but it can be detected by feeling a lump in the breast. It is a round, smooth lump that is distinct from the surrounding breast tissue. It varies in size, but on average it measures about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters). Depending on hormonal fluctuations, it may grow or shrink with time. Before or during menstrual periods, it may also become tender or sore.
You should see your doctor for a clinical breast exam if you find a lump in your breast. Your doctor will examine the lump and ask about your medical history and family history of breast cancer. You may need to have some tests such as:
Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast that can show the outline and density of the lump.
Ultrasound: A sound wave scan that can show the internal structure and blood flow of the lump.
Biopsy: A procedure that involves taking a small sample of tissue from the lump and examining it under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and rule out cancer.
Most fibroadenomas do not require any treatment, as they are harmless and may disappear on their own. However, some fibroadenomas may need to be removed, especially if they are:
Large or growing rapidly
Causing pain or discomfort
Distorting the shape of the breast
Interfering with breast imaging or screening
Causing anxiety or worry
There are different ways to remove a fibroadenoma, such as:
Surgery: A procedure that involves making a small cut in the breast and taking out the lump. This may leave a scar and affect the appearance of the breast.
Cryoablation: A procedure that involves freezing the lump with a thin probe and destroying it. This may leave a small dent in the breast.
Vacuum-assisted biopsy: A procedure that involves using a suction device to remove the lump through a small hole in the breast. This may leave a small bruise or swelling in the breast.
Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks of each treatment option with you and help you make an educated decision based on the size, location, and number of fibroadenomas.
There is no known way to prevent fibroadenoma, as it is not caused by any modifiable factors. However, you can reduce your risk of breast cancer by following these general recommendations:
Perform regular self breast exams and report any changes or lumps to your doctor
Have regular clinical breast exams and mammograms as recommended by your doctor
Maintain a healthy weight and diet
Exercise regularly
Limit alcohol intake
Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
Avoid hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives unless prescribed by your doctor
In general, fibroadenoma does not increase your risk of developing breast cancer. It is, however, important to see your doctor for any lump in your breast to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other problems. If you have fibroadenoma, you may choose to have it removed or monitored, depending on your situation and preference. To prevent and detect breast cancer early, follow a healthy lifestyle and have regular breast screenings.
