In elbow dislocation, the bones of the elbow joint (humerus, radius, and ulna) are moved out of their normal positions. This results in pain, swelling, and loss of function of the elbow.
Elbow dislocation can be caused by various factors, such as:
Trauma: A sudden impact or force to the elbow, such as from a fall, a car accident, or a sports injury, can dislocate the elbow joint.
Congenital: Some people are born with loose or unstable elbow joints, which can make them more prone to elbow dislocation.
Chronic: Repeated stress or overuse of the elbow, such as from throwing or lifting, can weaken the ligaments and muscles that support the elbow joint, leading to elbow dislocation.
The symptoms of elbow dislocation may include:
Severe pain in the elbow and arm
Swelling and bruising around the elbow
Deformity or misalignment of the elbow
Difficulty or inability to bend or straighten the elbow
Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand or fingers
To diagnose elbow dislocation, a doctor will:
Ask about the history and circumstances of the injury
Examine the elbow and check for signs of nerve or blood vessel damage
Order imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, to confirm the type and extent of the dislocation and to rule out any fractures or other complications
The treatment of elbow dislocation depends on the severity and type of the injury. The main goals of treatment are to:
Reducing the dislocation means moving the bones back into their normal position. This can be accomplished by a doctor using gentle traction and manipulation, or by surgery if necessary.
For a few weeks, immobilize the elbow by using a splint, sling, or cast to prevent it from moving.
Exercises and activities prescribed by a doctor or therapist can help restore the range of motion, strength, and stability of the elbow.
To prevent elbow dislocation, one can:
Avoid activities that put excessive stress or force on the elbow, such as contact sports, heavy lifting, or throwing
Wear protective gear, such as elbow pads, when engaging in activities that pose a risk of elbow injury
Strengthen the muscles and ligaments that support the elbow joint, such as by doing resistance exercises or stretching
Maintain good posture and alignment of the elbow, such as by avoiding bending or twisting the elbow excessively or holding the elbow in a fixed position for a long time
