The dysplastic nevus, also known as an atypical mole, is an abnormal skin growth. Although dysplastic nevi do not cause cancer, they can increase the risk of developing melanoma.
Dysplastic nevi may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the exact cause is not known. The sun and tanning beds may both contribute to the formation of dysplastic nevi. Some people may inherit a tendency to develop dysplastic nevi from their parents.
Dysplastic nevi can vary in appearance, but they usually have some of the following characteristics:
Larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) in diameter
Irregular or uneven edges
Multiple colors, such as brown, black, red, pink, or blue
Flat or slightly raised surface
Smooth or rough texture
Dysplastic nevi may appear anywhere on the body, but they are more common on areas that are exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, chest, back, arms, and legs.
It is possible to diagnose dysplastic nevi by visiting a dermatologist, who specializes in skin conditions. The dermatologist will examine the skin and look for abnormal moles. Dermatologists may perform a biopsy to determine if the mole is dysplastic, which involves removing a small sample and sending it to a laboratory for testing. In addition to confirming the diagnosis, the biopsy can rule out melanoma or other skin cancers.
Based on microscopic features of the cells, dysplastic nevi can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the degree of abnormality and the risk of melanoma. There are several ways in which dysplastic nevi can be removed, including shaving, cutting, or freezing. Mildly dysplastic nevi may not require any further treatment, but moderately or severely dysplastic nevi may require surgical removal. The dermatologist will choose the best option depending on the size, location, and appearance of the mole.
The prevention of dysplastic nevi mainly involves reducing the exposure to UV light and protecting the skin from sun damage. Some of the preventive measures include:
Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.)
Wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 and reapplying it every two hours
Wearing protective clothing, such as hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves
Avoiding tanning beds and sun lamps
Checking the skin regularly for any changes in moles or new growths
Seeing a dermatologist at least once a year for a skin exam
Dysplastic nevi are common and usually harmless, but they should be monitored closely for any signs of melanoma. If you follow the tips above, you may be able to reduce your risk of developing dysplastic nevi and skin cancer. Consult a dermatologist if you have any questions or concerns about your skin.
