A mood disorder known as cyclothymia or cyclothymic disorder causes emotional ups and downs. In contrast to bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder involves periods of elevated mood (hypomania) and periods of low mood (depression). These mood swings can affect their daily functioning, relationships, and quality of life.
The exact cause of cyclothymic disorder is not known, but it may involve genetic, environmental, and biological factors. Some possible risk factors are:
Having a family history of bipolar disorder or cyclothymic disorder
Having stressful or traumatic life events
Having certain medical conditions or taking certain medications that affect mood
Having imbalances in brain chemicals or hormones
The symptoms of cyclothymic disorder vary from person to person, but they generally include:
Hypomanic symptoms, such as feeling euphoric, optimistic, confident, talkative, impulsive, irritable, or restless
Depressive symptoms, such as feeling sad, hopeless, guilty, worthless, tired, or withdrawn
Changes in appetite, weight, sleep, energy, concentration, or interest in activities
Thoughts of death or suicide
It is usually more than half of the time that the symptoms of cyclothymic disorder last over two years in adults, or one year in children and adolescents. It usually lasts less than two months when the symptoms are stable. The symptoms aren't caused by substance abuse, a medical condition, or another mental disorder.
As part of the diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, a doctor or mental health professional will conduct a physical examination, a psychological evaluation, and a mood chart. They will ask about the history, frequency, duration, and severity of the mood symptoms, along with their impact on daily life. They will also rule out other possible causes of the symptoms, such as bipolar disorder, major depression, or other mental or medical conditions.
Cyclothymic disorder requires lifelong treatment, even during periods when the symptoms are mild or absent. The main goals of treatment are to:
Decrease the risk of developing bipolar disorder, which is higher for people with cyclothymic disorder
Reduce the frequency and intensity of the mood swings, and improve the overall well-being and functioning of the person
Prevent a relapse of the symptoms, by continuing the treatment during periods of remission
Treat any co-occurring problems, such as substance abuse or anxiety disorders
A person with cyclothymic disorder may take a mood stabilizer, anticonvulsant, antipsychotic, or antidepressant medication, depending on their individual needs and preferences. To cope with stress, change negative thoughts, improve relationships, and manage emotions, a person may receive cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family therapy, or group therapy.
There is no sure way to prevent cyclothymic disorder, but some steps that may help reduce the risk or severity of the symptoms are:
Seeking professional help as soon as possible, if experiencing mood changes or other signs of cyclothymic disorder
Following the treatment plan, and taking the medications as prescribed
Keeping a regular schedule of sleep, meals, and activities
Avoiding alcohol, drugs, and caffeine, which can worsen the mood swings
Learning and practicing relaxation techniques, such as meditation, yoga, or breathing exercises
Seeking support from family, friends, or support groups
Seeking emergency help, if having thoughts of harming oneself or others
