A condition known as cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) causes repeated episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with no apparent cause. The episodes can last from a few hours to several days and alternate with periods of normal health. CVS affects people of all ages, but is more common in children.
The exact cause of CVS is unknown, but it may involve genetic, hormonal, digestive, or nervous system factors. Some possible triggers for CVS episodes include:
Stress, anxiety, or excitement
Infections, allergies, or sinus problems
Certain foods or drinks, such as caffeine, chocolate, cheese, or alcohol
Overeating, fasting, or eating before bedtime
Hot weather or physical exhaustion
Motion sickness or menstruation
People who have a family history of migraines or CVS may be more likely to develop the condition.
The symptoms of CVS usually begin in the morning and follow a similar pattern for each person. The main symptoms are:
Severe nausea and vomiting, sometimes several times an hour
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or dizziness
Sensitivity to light or sound, headache, or fatigue
Pale skin, drooling, or retching
Extreme thirst or loss of appetite
CVS episodes can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, esophagus irritation, tooth decay, and weight loss. In severe cases, CVS can lead to kidney failure, seizures, or brain damage.
CVS can be difficult to diagnose because vomiting is a symptom of many other conditions. To diagnose CVS, a doctor will ask about the medical history, symptoms, and triggers of the episodes. The doctor may also perform some tests, such as:
Blood tests to check for infections, thyroid problems, or electrolyte levels
Urine tests to check for dehydration or kidney problems
Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scan, to look for any blockages or abnormalities in the digestive system
Motility test to measure the movement of food through the esophagus and stomach
There is no cure for CVS, but treatment can help prevent or reduce the severity and frequency of the episodes. Treatment options include:
Medications, such as anti-nausea drugs, anti-seizure drugs, antidepressants, or antacids, to control the symptoms or prevent the triggers
Intravenous fluids to restore hydration and electrolytes during an episode
Dietary changes, such as avoiding trigger foods, eating small meals, or avoiding eating before bedtime
Lifestyle changes, such as getting enough sleep, managing stress, or avoiding hot weather or excessive exercise
Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, biofeedback, or relaxation techniques, to reduce stress or pain
The best way to prevent CVS episodes is to identify and avoid the triggers that cause them. Some tips to prevent CVS episodes are:
Keep a diary of the symptoms, triggers, and treatments of each episode
Follow the doctor’s advice on medications, diet, and lifestyle
Drink plenty of fluids and eat healthy foods
Seek medical help if the symptoms are severe or do not improve
Join a support group or seek counseling to cope with the emotional impact of CVS
It is a chronic condition that can last for months, years, or decades. However, some people may outgrow the condition or experience fewer episodes with time. While CVS does not affect most people's life expectancy or health, it can affect their quality of life and their ability to function on a daily basis. CVS can be managed and managed with proper treatment and prevention.
