Inflammation and damage to the pancreas, an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, are caused by chronic pancreatitis. In this blog post, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic pancreatitis, which can result in serious complications, including malnutrition, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.
About 70% of chronic pancreatitis cases are caused by long-term alcohol abuse. Alcohol can damage the pancreatic cells, causing inflammation, scarring, and blocking of the pancreatic duct.
Autoimmune disease, which occurs when the immune system attacks the pancreas by mistake
Genetic mutations, which can make the pancreas more prone to inflammation or affect the function of the digestive enzymes
Gallstones, which can obstruct the flow of bile and pancreatic juice
High levels of calcium or triglycerides in the blood, which can form deposits in the pancreas
Medications, infections, trauma, or surgery, which can trigger or worsen the inflammation of the pancreas
Pain in the upper abdomen may radiate to the back, especially after eating or drinking, especially fatty or alcoholic beverages. Other symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include:
Nausea and vomiting
Weight loss and malnutrition
Diarrhea and oily stools
Bloating and gas
Fever and sweating
Jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin and eyes
Diabetes, which is high blood sugar levels
Your doctor will ask you about your medical history, symptoms, and alcohol consumption to diagnose chronic pancreatitis. In addition to performing a physical examination, your doctor will check for signs of pain, tenderness, or swelling in your abdomen. You may also need to undergo the following tests:
Blood tests, which can measure the levels of pancreatic enzymes, hormones, and inflammation markers
Stool tests, which can detect the presence of fat or undigested food in your stool
Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound, which can show the structure and function of the pancreas and the bile duct
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera and a dye to examine and treat the pancreatic and bile ducts
Biopsy, which is a procedure that involves taking a small sample of tissue from the pancreas for microscopic analysis
Chronic pancreatitis cannot be cured, but the treatment aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Treatment options include:
Medications, such as painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, pancreatic enzyme supplements, and insulin or other diabetes drugs
Lifestyle changes, such as quitting alcohol, smoking, and caffeine, eating a low-fat and high-fiber diet, and drinking plenty of fluids
Endoscopic or surgical procedures, such as removing gallstones, widening or bypassing the blocked pancreatic duct, draining the pancreatic fluid, or removing part or all of the pancreas
The best way to prevent chronic pancreatitis is to avoid or limit alcohol consumption, as alcohol is the main risk factor for the condition. Other preventive measures include:
Maintaining a healthy weight and cholesterol level
Treating any underlying conditions that may affect the pancreas, such as autoimmune disease, cystic fibrosis, or high calcium or triglyceride levels
Following your doctor’s advice on medications, infections, trauma, or surgery that may affect the pancreas
Having regular check-ups and screening tests for pancreatic cancer, especially if you have a family history or other risk factors
Pancreatitis is a serious and chronic condition that can affect digestion, nutrition, and overall health. With proper diagnosis and treatment, you can manage your condition and reduce the risk of complications. Consult your doctor as soon as possible if you notice any symptoms or concerns about chronic pancreatitis.
