An enlargement of the prostate gland is a common symptom of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), also called benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this blog post, we discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies of this condition.
The exact cause of benign prostatic hypertrophy is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be mainly related to age-related hormonal changes, particularly the influence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a byproduct of testosterone metabolism. Inflammation, genetics, and hormonal imbalances may also contribute to BPH's development.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy is characterized by the following symptoms:
Difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, frequent urination (especially at night), urgency to urinate, and incomplete bladder emptying are all urinary symptoms.
BPH can cause urinary retention, resulting in complete inability to urinate in severe cases.
Incomplete bladder emptying increases the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Occasionally, BPH can cause bladder stones due to urinary stasis and incomplete voiding.
Medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are typically used to diagnose benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Evaluation of urinary symptoms, medical history, and BPH risk factors.
An examination of the prostate gland through the rectum is called a digital rectal examination (DRE).
An elevated PSA level may indicate BPH or other prostate conditions, and is measured by a blood test called the Prostate-Specific Antigen Test (PSA).
An examination of the urine for signs of infection, blood, or other abnormalities is called a urine analysis.
Using sound waves, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) visualizes and assesses the prostate gland's size and structure.
The following treatment options are available for benign prostatic hypertrophy to relieve symptoms, improve urinary flow, and prevent complications:
Use of medications such as alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, or combination therapy to relax prostate muscles and shrink the prostate gland.
For moderate to severe BPH, minimally invasive procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), laser therapy, or prostate artery embolization (PAE) may be recommended.
Surgical procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostatectomy may be necessary in cases of severe BPH that do not respond to other treatments.
However, lifestyle modifications may help reduce the risk or delay the onset of benign prostatic hypertrophy. It is important to maintain a healthy weight, practice regular physical activity, avoid excessive alcohol consumption, and practice good urinary habits, such as emptying the bladder completely and not holding urine for an extended period of time.
The condition of benign prostatic hypertrophy is characterized by an enlargement of the prostate gland in older men. In order to improve quality of life and prevent complications associated with BPH, it is important to recognize, diagnose, and manage symptoms early. Individuals need healthcare professionals to guide them through treatment options and preventative measures.
