This blog post provides a straightforward overview of acute mountain sickness, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
AMS occurs when individuals ascend to high altitudes without allowing their bodies to adapt to the decreased oxygen levels. Factors that contribute to AMS include:
When ascending to high altitudes too quickly, the body does not have enough time to adjust to the reduced oxygen levels.
Susceptibility to AMS varies from person to person, regardless of their level of fitness or previous experience at altitude.
A higher altitude increases the risk of developing AMS.
AMS is more likely to occur if you ascend more than 1,000 feet (305 meters) per day.
AMS symptoms can be exacerbated by strenuous physical activity at high altitudes.
Acute mountain sickness may cause the following symptoms:
The most common symptom of AMS is a persistent headache, often described as throbbing and occurring in the frontal or occipital region.
Despite adequate rest, you still feel tired or lethargic.
Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, especially after standing up quickly.
Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting, especially after exertion.
Appetite loss: Lack of appetite or aversion to food.
A high altitude can cause insomnia or difficulty falling asleep.
There are no specific diagnostic tests for acute mountain sickness. Healthcare providers may consider the following factors when diagnosing the condition:
Headache, fatigue, nausea, and dizziness are typical symptoms.
Ascent to high altitudes without adequate acclimatization.
Individual susceptibility and altitude exposure determine the severity of symptoms.
Symptoms of acute mountain sickness are treated to relieve symptoms and prevent progression to severe high-altitude illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Treatment options include:
The best way to treat AMS is to descend to a lower altitude until symptoms subside.
Hydration and rest: Adequate rest and hydration can alleviate symptoms and facilitate acclimatization.
You may be able to relieve headaches by taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. You may be able to relieve nausea and vomiting by taking anti-nausea medications.
Several preventive measures can be taken to prevent acute mountain sickness, including gradual ascent and proper acclimatization to high altitudes.
Ascend gradually to higher altitudes, allowing your body to adjust to the decreased oxygen levels.
AMS symptoms can be exacerbated by dehydration, so drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Ascending to high altitudes requires frequent breaks and adequate rest.
Drinking alcohol and taking sedatives can impair respiratory function and increase the risk of AMS.
When ascending to high altitudes, some individuals may benefit from medications such as acetazolamide (Diamox).
