Tungiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Tungiasis?
A primary care doctor, such as a family medicine doctor, can usually diagnose and remove sand fleas. If the infection is severe, spreads, or keeps coming back, the doctor may refer you to a dermatologist or a surgeon. A podiatrist, a foot care specialist, may also help with sores on the feet.
What it is
Tungiasis is a skin condition caused by a tiny flea called the sand flea, or Tunga penetrans. The female flea burrows into the skin, usually on a foot, and stays there while it fills with eggs. This condition is found in warm parts of the world, including parts of Latin America, Africa, and the Caribbean.
Symptoms
The most common sign is a small, itchy, or painful bump, often on the toes, soles, or heels. The bump may have a tiny dark spot in the center, which is the flea's opening to the outside. Scratching can break the skin and let bacteria in, leading to infection, pus, and trouble walking.
Causes and who gets it
People get tungiasis when bare feet touch soil, sand, or floors where sand fleas live. Children, older adults, and people with disabilities are more likely to get it, as are travelers who walk barefoot on beaches in affected areas.
How doctors diagnose it
Doctors usually diagnose tungiasis by looking at the bump on the skin. No blood tests are needed, though a doctor may check for signs of infection in the surrounding skin.
Treatment
The main treatment is removing the flea with a sterile needle or other clean tool, which a health worker should do. The wound is then cleaned and covered, and a tetanus shot may be given if needed. If the skin is infected, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic ointment or pills.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you notice a growing bump on your foot after walking barefoot in an area where sand fleas live. Get medical care right away if the sore becomes very painful, leaks pus, or the skin around it turns red and warm. Also see a doctor if you have many sores, a fever, or trouble walking.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. Either type can often handle tungiasis from start to finish, with longer visits and faster appointments, referring you to a specialist if the wound is deep or keeps returning.
Common questions
Can I remove the flea myself?
It is safer to have a health worker remove it with clean tools. Trying to dig it out at home can leave flea parts in the skin and raise the risk of infection.
How can I prevent tungiasis?
Wear closed shoes in areas where sand fleas live. Avoid sitting or walking barefoot on sandy or dusty ground. Some travelers use a repellent on their feet and shoes.
Is tungiasis contagious from person to person?
No, the flea does not spread directly between people. It comes from the environment, mainly soil and sand.
Does the flea stay in the body forever?
No, once the flea is removed, or after it releases its eggs and dies, the body heals. The sore usually closes within a couple of weeks.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
