The condition is characterized by abnormal dilation of both kidneys due to obstruction of urine flow. Here's an overview of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Many underlying conditions can cause bilateral hydronephrosis, which obstructs urine flow from both kidneys. Some common causes include:
As a result of kidney stones obstructing the ureters, which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis can result.
Symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infections include inflammation and swelling of the ureters, resulting in obstruction and hydronephrosis.
In males, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause bilateral hydronephrosis due to enlargement of the prostate gland.
During pregnancy, the growing uterus can compress the ureters, resulting in bilateral hydronephrosis.
Dysfunction of the nerves that control bladder function can result in incomplete bladder emptying and urinary retention, resulting in hydronephrosis.
Anomalies present at birth, such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction or vesicoureteral reflux, can cause bilateral hydronephrosis.
Bilateral hydronephrosis symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of obstruction. They include:
An enlarged kidney can cause flank pain or discomfort in the abdomen or back.
There may be changes in urinary habits, such as increased frequency, urgency, or difficulty urinating.
Hydronephrosis can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension due to impaired kidney function and waste accumulation.
Fever and chills are common symptoms of hydronephrosis caused by urinary tract infections.
Occasionally, individuals with hydronephrosis may experience blood in the urine (hematuria), especially if they have kidney stones or urinary tract infections.
It typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to diagnose bilateral hydronephrosis. Key diagnostic steps may include:
Evaluation of symptoms, urinary habits, medical history, and risk factors for kidney stones.
A healthcare professional palpates the abdomen and assesses flank tenderness.
An imaging test such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract, assess for hydronephrosis, and identify the underlying cause.
Infection, blood, or other abnormalities detected in urine may indicate underlying urinary tract disease.
Treatment options for bilateral hydronephrosis include reducing obstruction, alleviating symptoms, and preserving kidney function.
Treatment of urinary tract infections with antibiotics or alpha-blockers to relax smooth muscle in the ureters.
In this procedure, a small tube (stent) is inserted into the ureters to bypass the obstruction and restore urine flow.
In severe cases, percutaneous nephrostomy involves inserting a catheter through the skin into the kidneys to drain urine and relieve obstruction.
Surgical intervention may be necessary to remove kidney stones, repair structural abnormalities, or relieve ureteric compression caused by enlarged organs.
Bilateral hydronephrosis can be prevented by treating the underlying causes and minimizing risk factors. Prevention strategies may include:
Drinking enough water every day can help prevent kidney stones and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.
A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of kidney stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia by following a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity.
Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: Seeking prompt medical attention and completing antibiotic treatment can prevent recurrent infections and reduce the risk of complications.
As a result of obstruction of urine flow, bilateral hydronephrosis is characterized by abnormal dilation of both kidneys. Keeping kidney function and preventing complications require prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The underlying causes and risk factors of bilateral hydronephrosis can be used to guide preventive measures and optimize outcomes.
