Intrauterine Insemination Iui: What It Is and What to Expect
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor provides Intrauterine Insemination Iui?
An obstetrician-gynecologist is often called an OB/GYN. This is a doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Many OB/GYNs perform intrauterine insemination in their offices. Some people are referred to a fertility specialist instead. This kind of doctor is called a reproductive endocrinologist, and they treat hormone and fertility problems.
What it is
Intrauterine insemination, usually called IUI, is a fertility treatment that places sperm directly into the uterus. The sperm is washed and concentrated in a lab, then placed near the time the ovary releases an egg.
Why a doctor might recommend it
Doctors often suggest IUI after a year of trying without pregnancy, for mild male factor infertility, for cervical problems such as thick mucus, and for endometriosis. Some single people and same-sex couples use IUI with donor sperm.
How to prepare
Preparation starts with fertility testing for both partners, including blood tests, an ultrasound, and a semen analysis. The doctor times the procedure to the menstrual cycle, using ultrasound or urine tests to detect when an egg is about to be released.
What happens during it
IUI is done in a doctor's office and takes only a few minutes. The doctor inserts a speculum, then passes a thin, flexible tube through the cervix to place the prepared sperm inside the uterus. Most people compare it to a Pap test.
Recovery
There is little to no recovery time. Some people have mild cramping or light spotting for a day or two. A pregnancy test is usually done about two weeks later, and doctors often recommend several cycles because success rates vary.
Risks and side effects
IUI is a low-risk procedure with possible side effects of mild cramping, light bleeding, and a small risk of infection. Fertility medicines add a chance of a multiple pregnancy. Severe belly pain, bloating, or vomiting after treatment warrants calling a doctor right away.
Who performs it
A trained OB/GYN or fertility specialist performs IUI, usually with help from nurses and lab staff. It does not require surgery or anesthesia.
Common questions
Is IUI painful?
Most people feel little more than mild cramping during the procedure. It is quick and does not require anesthesia. Discomfort usually goes away within a day.
How much does IUI cost?
Costs vary widely by clinic and by state, and insurance coverage differs from plan to plan. Many clinics publish price ranges for the procedure and lab work. It is worth asking the clinic and the insurance company about costs before starting.
How many IUI cycles do people usually try?
Doctors often suggest trying three to six cycles before considering other treatments. The right number depends on age, health, and the reason for infertility. A doctor can help decide when to move to a different option.
Can a direct primary care doctor help with fertility care?
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance. A concierge doctor is similar. Either one can evaluate overall health, discuss fertility concerns, order some initial tests, and refer patients to an OB/GYN or fertility specialist. They do not usually perform IUI themselves, so a specialist referral is needed for the procedure. Having a doctor who knows your history can make coordinating that referral easier.
Sources
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine - Diagnosis Codes For Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM
- MedlinePlus - Infertility
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
