Lymphedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Lymphedema?
A primary care doctor usually starts care for lymphedema. A certified lymphedema therapist, a physical or occupational therapist trained to treat it, often leads treatment. A surgeon may help in advanced cases. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema is the name of a type of swelling. It happens when lymph builds up in your body's soft tissues. Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs.
It can build up when the lymph system is damaged or blocked. It usually happens in the arms or legs.
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that cannot be cured but can be treated.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms may develop slowly over time. You may notice symptoms in an arm or leg, or near where you had surgery or radiation. Symptoms include:
- A heavy, full, or tight feeling in the area.
- Swelling that may leave a dent when you press on it.
- Numbness or tingling in the affected area.
- Swelling that makes one arm or leg look larger than the other.
- Trouble moving the arm or leg.
In people with long-term, untreated lymphedema, the skin may change color and harden.
Causes and who gets it
Causes of lymphedema include:
- Infection.
- Cancer.
- Scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph nodes.
- Inherited conditions in which lymph nodes or vessels are absent or abnormal.
Anything that blocks or changes the flow of lymph fluid can cause it. Lymphedema may arise soon after cancer treatment, or it may develop years later.
Other risk factors include healing slowly after surgery and having lymph nodes removed. Being overweight or having obesity is also a risk factor.
Primary lymphedema is a genetic condition affecting the lymphatic system. It causes chronic swelling, most often in the lower limbs.
How doctors diagnose it
Your doctor will examine the swollen part of your body. If an arm or leg is swollen, they will compare it with the other limb.
You may also have tests to find what is disrupting the flow of lymph fluid. These may include an ultrasound, an MRI, a CT scan, or lymphoscintigraphy.
Your doctor may use a staging system to describe how severe it is.
Treatment
Treatment can help control symptoms. It includes exercise, compression devices, skin care, and massage.
Lymphedema is easier to control when treatment starts early. Treatments include:
- Compression wraps, leggings, or stockings that help move fluid around and keep it from building up.
- Manual lymphatic drainage, a gentle massage that helps move lymph fluid through the body.
- A compression pump that applies pressure to the arm or leg.
If lymphedema is advanced, your doctor may recommend surgery or another medical treatment.
Things you can do at home may lower your risk or keep it from getting worse. Protect your skin to prevent infection. Exercise may help lower your risk. Elevate the affected area when possible.
When to see a doctor
Contact your doctor as soon as you notice heaviness, swelling, or other signs of lymphedema.
People with lymphedema are at greater risk of a skin infection called cellulitis. If you have a fever or other signs of cellulitis, call your doctor right away. Untreated cellulitis can become life-threatening.
Call 911 or go to the emergency room if you have severe trouble breathing, chest pain, fainting, or a seizure.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care doctor can examine the swelling, order imaging, and refer you to a lymphedema therapist or specialist if needed.
Common questions
Can lymphedema be cured?
No. Once lymphedema develops, it is a chronic condition that cannot be cured. It can be treated to relieve swelling.
What causes lymphedema?
Lymphedema can be caused by infection, cancer, or scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph nodes. It can also be caused by inherited conditions.
Where does lymphedema usually happen?
It usually happens in the arms or legs.
How is lymphedema treated?
Treatment includes exercise, compression devices, skin care, and massage. If it is advanced, your doctor may recommend surgery.
Can lymphedema be prevented?
Not fully. There is no way to prevent lymphedema, but you can lower your risk or keep it from getting worse.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
