Fungal Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Fungal Arthritis?
An orthopedic surgeon often helps treat fungal arthritis, especially when surgery is needed. An infectious disease doctor usually manages the antifungal medicine. A primary care doctor is often the first stop and can order early tests. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What it is
Fungal arthritis is swelling and pain in a joint caused by a fungal infection. Fungi are living germs, different from bacteria and viruses, and some live in soil, plants, and bird droppings. When they get into a joint, they cause inflammation, and the joint may become painful, stiff, and swollen over weeks or months.
Symptoms
The signs usually come on slowly over several weeks, and a single joint, such as a knee, hip, or ankle, is most often affected. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, and trouble moving the joint. Some people also have a mild fever or chills.
Causes and who gets it
Fungal arthritis happens when fungi enter a joint, most often when fungal spores are breathed into the lungs and the infection spreads through the blood. It can also happen when a fungus enters through a wound or during surgery. Certain fungi, such as those that cause histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis, are linked to regions like the Ohio River Valley and parts of the southwestern United States. People with weakened immune systems, such as those getting cancer treatment or living with HIV, have a higher risk.
How doctors diagnose it
Doctors ask about symptoms, travel history, and health conditions that weaken the immune system, and they examine the painful joint. Imaging tests can show swelling and damage. The most useful test is to remove fluid from the joint with a needle and check it for fungi. Getting the right diagnosis can take time, because fungi grow slowly in the lab.
Treatment
Treatment usually involves antifungal medicine, often taken for many months. The fluid in the joint may also be drained with a needle to relieve pressure and pain. In some cases, surgery is needed to clean out the infected joint or repair damage.
When to see a doctor
Call a doctor if you have joint pain and swelling that does not go away, especially with a fever. Get care quickly if the pain is severe, if you cannot move the joint, or if the skin over the joint is red and warm.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. Either one can be a good first contact for joint pain, can order tests, and can refer you to a specialist if needed.
Common questions
Is fungal arthritis contagious?
No. It does not spread from person to person. The fungi that cause it come from the environment, such as soil or bird droppings.
Can fungal arthritis go away on its own?
This is very unlikely. Most cases need antifungal medicine, and sometimes surgery. Waiting for it to clear up can let the infection damage the joint.
How long does treatment take?
Antifungal treatment often lasts for months. The exact length depends on the fungus and how severe the infection is. Your doctor will explain the plan for your situation.
Does fungal arthritis cause permanent damage?
It can, especially if treatment starts late. Some people recover fully while others have lasting stiffness or pain.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
