Vaccination: What It Is and What to Expect
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor provides Vaccination?
Most vaccinations are given by primary care doctors, pediatricians, or nurses, and a pharmacist can give many vaccines. If you have a weak immune system or complex health problem, a specialist may help plan which vaccines are safe. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What it is
A vaccination is a shot that teaches your body to fight a disease before you catch it. Vaccines contain a harmless piece or weakened form of a germ, or instructions to make your own defense. If you meet the germ later, your body fights it off quickly.
Why a doctor might recommend it
Doctors recommend vaccines to prevent serious illness. Some are given in childhood, such as those for measles and whooping cough, while others come at certain ages, like the yearly flu shot. Vaccines also protect people who cannot be vaccinated.
How to prepare
- Bring a list of vaccines you have already had.
- Mention any allergies, especially to eggs or vaccine parts.
- Mention medicines that weaken your immune system.
- If you have a fever, ask whether to wait.
- Wear a top with sleeves that lift easily.
What happens during it
A nurse or doctor cleans a spot on your arm and gives the vaccine with a thin needle into the upper arm muscle, or the thigh for babies. You may feel a quick pinch, then wait about 15 minutes.
Recovery
The injection spot may be sore or swollen for a day or two, and some people feel tired or run a slight fever; these effects pass within a few days. A cool, damp cloth can help.
Risks and side effects
Serious problems from vaccines are rare. The most common side effects are a sore arm, low fever, and tiredness. A few people have an allergic reaction, and very rarely a severe reaction called anaphylaxis can happen; clinics can treat it immediately.
Who performs it
Vaccines are given by doctors, nurses, physician assistants, and trained pharmacists. A nurse often gives the shot after a doctor orders it. If you have a special health condition, your doctor may consult a specialist.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. Either can handle most routine vaccinations and has more time to answer questions.
Common questions
Do vaccines cause the diseases they protect against?
No. Most vaccines use a weakened germ, a harmless piece of a germ, or instructions that cannot cause the disease. Some people feel mild symptoms like a low fever. This is a sign the immune system is responding, not that they have the illness.
Can I get several vaccines at the same visit?
Often, yes. Doctors routinely give more than one vaccine at the same visit, sometimes in different arms. This is considered safe and means fewer trips back.
How long does vaccine protection last?
It depends on the vaccine. Some, like the tetanus shot, need boosters every so many years, while others protect for a lifetime. Your doctor can check your records and tell you what you may need.
Are vaccines safe if I am pregnant?
Some vaccines are recommended during pregnancy and others are not. Always tell the person giving the vaccine if you are pregnant or planning to be, so they can choose the right ones.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
