Degenerative joint conditions like thumb osteoarthritis affect the thumb's basal joint, also called the carpometacarpal joint. Over time, the cartilage cushioning the ends of the bones in the thumb joint wears away, resulting in pain, stiffness, swelling, and a decreased range of motion in the thumb. In individuals who engage in repetitive or strenuous activities with their hands, thumb osteoarthritis can have a significant impact on their hand function and quality of life. It is not possible to cure thumb osteoarthritis, but there are a number of treatment options available to manage symptoms and improve hand function.
Typically, thumb osteoarthritis treatment involves consulting an orthopedic surgeon or hand specialist to prepare for the procedure. During the initial consultation, the healthcare provider will conduct a thorough evaluation of the thumb joint, including a physical examination and possibly imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess the extent of joint damage. In addition to providing information about their symptoms and functional limitations, patients may be asked to provide their medical history, including any previous hand injuries or conditions. In light of this assessment, the healthcare provider will develop a customized treatment plan based on the individual's needs and goals.
Depending on the severity of the symptoms and the preferences of the individual, thumb osteoarthritis can be treated in different ways. To reduce inflammation and alleviate pain, conservative treatments are typically recommended as an initial step, which may include lifestyle changes, activity changes, hand therapy, splinting, and pain management techniques such as oral medications or corticosteroid injections. Surgery may be considered if conservative treatments do not provide adequate relief. As part of thumb osteoarthritis surgery, trapeziectomy is commonly performed to remove the arthritic trapezium bone, followed by joint reconstruction or fusion to restore function and stabilize the thumb joint.
Depending on the approach chosen and the patient's response, thumb osteoarthritis treatment can lead to recovery. With conservative treatments, patients may experience gradual improvements in symptoms over time with regular hand therapy, activity modification, and pain management strategies. According to the type of procedure performed, recovery times vary, but they usually include a period of immobilization followed by hand therapy to regain strength, mobility, and function. As part of the postoperative care and rehabilitation process, patients should avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting during the initial recovery period.
Treatments for thumb osteoarthritis carry some risks and complications, just as any medical procedure does. Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions following conservative treatments such as medications or injections. Infection, nerve injury, stiffness, or persistent thumb joint pain are among the surgical risks. Making decisions about their health care requires patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of treatment options with their healthcare providers and to carefully weigh the risks versus the benefits.
It is possible to maintain hand function and prevent symptom recurrence with ongoing hand therapy, home exercises, and lifestyle modifications following treatment for thumb osteoarthritis. Following the recommendations of the healthcare provider for postoperative care, including wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments, patients should follow them. It's essential to communicate openly with the healthcare provider about any concerns or changes in symptoms experienced during the recovery process, as prompt intervention may be necessary to address any complications and optimize outcomes. Individuals with thumb osteoarthritis symptoms and function can expect significant improvements over time with proper care and adherence to the treatment plan.
