Thumb Osteoarthritis: What It Is and What to Expect
Medically reviewed by Sumiran Racherla, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.
What kind of doctor provides Thumb Osteoarthritis?
An orthopaedic surgeon, a doctor who operates on bones and joints, performs thumb surgery. A hand therapist can help you with gentle exercises. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What it is
Thumb osteoarthritis is the wear-and-tear kind of arthritis that most often affects the base of the thumb. The joint at the base of the thumb is called the thumb CMC joint. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage begins to wear away, typically because of age and use. When the cartilage wears down, the bones begin to rub together, causing pain. Bumps of extra bone called bone spurs may grow in the joint area.
Thumb arthritis can be managed without surgery in many cases. Surgery is an option if nonsurgical treatment is no longer effective.
Why a doctor might recommend it
Thumb osteoarthritis often causes pain at the base of the thumb when you grip, pinch, or turn things. Swelling and tenderness at the base of the thumb are also common.
How to prepare
At your first visit, the steps usually include the following.
- Your doctor asks about your symptoms, any past injuries to your hand and thumb, and any activities that worsen pain.
- X-rays help make the diagnosis.
- Your doctor may also check for signs of carpal tunnel syndrome, since many people with thumb CMC arthritis have both.
- You and your doctor discuss the options and select the one that is best for you.
What happens during it
Nonsurgical options include the following.
- A splint that supports the base of the thumb can reduce pain during activities or overnight.
- Gentle exercises can improve the range of motion and strengthen the muscles of the thumb.
- Medicines called NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help with pain.
- A steroid shot directly into the joint is also an option.
The operation can be done on an outpatient basis, meaning you go home the same day.
- One option removes a small wrist bone at the base of the thumb. This relieves pain and allows the thumb to keep moving.
- Another option is fusing, or joining, the bones of the joint together. This reduces pain and allows for a strong pinch, but it will limit the movement of the thumb.
- A third option, thumb CMC arthroplasty, removes part of the joint and holds up the rest of the thumb with a tendon from your wrist or a medical device.
Recovery
In many people, thumb arthritis may become less bothersome over time with or without any specific treatment. After surgery, you will wear a cast or splint for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on which procedure you had. A hand therapist may work with you to help you get back movement and strength in your hand. Full recovery from surgery takes several months. The strength of your grip will continue to improve for up to 9 to 12 months after surgery. Most people are able to return to their normal activities. Call 911 or go to the emergency room if you have bleeding that will not stop, trouble breathing, chest pain or discomfort lasting two minutes or more, or fainting.
Risks and side effects
A steroid shot can give relief in some people, but the effect may wear off over time. A steroid shot also has risks, which your doctor will discuss with you.
Who performs it
An orthopaedic surgeon, a doctor who operates on bones and joints, performs thumb surgery.
Common questions
Can thumb osteoarthritis be treated without surgery?
Yes, thumb arthritis can be managed without surgery in many cases.
Who is more likely to get thumb osteoarthritis?
Women are more likely to get it, about 2 to 3 times as likely. Being over the age of 50 also makes it more likely.
Is thumb osteoarthritis dangerous?
No, thumb CMC arthritis is not a dangerous condition and is very common.
Which thumb surgery is best?
No single surgery has been shown to be better than the others at relieving pain and improving function. You and your doctor will discuss the options and select the one that is best for you.
How does a direct primary care or concierge doctor fit in?
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
Sources
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - OrthoInfo - Arthritis of the Thumb
- MedlinePlus - Osteoarthritis
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
