In order to relieve chronic lower back pain caused by instability or dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint, a surgical procedure called sacroiliac joint fusion is performed. It is responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body and transmitting forces between the spine and the pelvis. It connects the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of the spine) to the ilium (the large bone of the pelvis). A sacroiliac joint fusion aims to stabilize the joint by fusing the sacrum and ilium together, reducing pain and restoring function as a result of damage to the joint.
A comprehensive evaluation of a patient's symptoms and suitability for a sacroiliac joint fusion will be performed by their healthcare provider before surgery is performed. In addition to physical examinations, diagnostic imaging studies (such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans) and diagnostic injections, this evaluation may include diagnostic injections to determine the source of pain. Additionally, patients will receive instructions about how to prepare for surgery, which may include stopping certain medications, fasting requirements, and preoperative tests to ensure they are healthy enough to undergo surgery.
During sacroiliac joint fusion, the surgeon makes a small incision near the joint surface and removes any damaged cartilage or bone. General anesthesia or spinal anesthesia is typically used. In order to promote bone growth and fusion, the surgeon places bone grafts between the sacrum and ilium. During the healing process, screws, plates, or rods may be used to stabilize the joint. After the incision is closed, patients are monitored in the recovery room before being transferred to the hospital or discharged.
Occasionally, patients may experience discomfort or pain at the surgical site following sacroiliac joint fusion surgery, which can be managed by taking prescribed pain medications. After surgery, most patients can resume light activities within a few days to weeks, but heavy lifting and strenuous activities should be avoided for several weeks so that the fusion can heal properly. Strength, flexibility, and mobility in the lower back and pelvis may be improved with physical therapy. In order to optimize healing and minimize complications after a sacroiliac joint fusion, patients should follow their surgeon's postoperative instructions closely.
The fusion of the sacroiliac joints is not without risks and complications, as with any surgical procedure. These include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, blood clots, allergic reactions to anesthesia or medications, and nonunion of the fusion. As a result of increased stress on nearby joints after fusion, adjacent segment degeneration may also occur, resulting in accelerated wear and tear. Before undergoing sacroiliac joint fusion, patients should speak with their surgeon about the risks and benefits.
In order to ensure that the fusion is healing properly, patients will need to follow up with their surgeon regularly after sacroiliac joint fusion surgery. It may be necessary for the surgeon to perform physical examinations, order imaging studies, or adjust medications or treatments during these appointments. Additionally, patients will receive instructions on how to care for the surgical incision, including wound care and activity restrictions. To optimize their recovery and long-term outcomes, patients should follow their surgeon's recommendations for postoperative care and attend all scheduled follow-up appointments.
