Sprains and Strains: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Sprains and Strains?
Most sprains and strains are treated by a primary care doctor; an orthopedic surgeon may become involved for severe injuries, and physical therapists often help with recovery. A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor typically charges more and often works alongside insurance.
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament. A ligament is the tough band that connects two bones at a joint. A strain is a stretch or tear of a muscle or a tendon. A tendon is the cord that attaches muscle to bone. Both cause pain and swelling, but they affect different body parts.
Sprains and strains are common soft tissue injuries. A sprain happens when a joint is forced past its normal range of motion, such as when an ankle rolls inward. A strain happens when a muscle or tendon is stretched too far or works too hard.
Symptoms
A sprain usually causes pain, swelling, bruising, and trouble moving the joint; a severe sprain may leave the joint feeling loose or wobbly. A strain can cause pain, muscle cramps, swelling, and weakness.
Causes and who gets it
Sprains often come from falls, awkward landings, or twisting a joint during sports; ankles and wrists are the most common spots. Strains often come from lifting heavy objects, sudden starts and stops, or overusing a muscle; the back and the hamstring are common sites.
How doctors diagnose it
A doctor will ask how the injury happened and examine the painful area. This exam is often enough to tell a sprain from a strain. An X-ray may be ordered to rule out a broken bone.
Treatment
Most mild sprains and strains heal with rest, ice, compression with a snug wrap, and keeping the injured area raised , sometimes called the RICE method. Over-the-counter pain relievers can ease pain and swelling. As the pain fades, gentle movement and strengthening exercises help recovery. Severe injuries can take months to heal.
When to see a doctor
Get medical care if you cannot bear weight, cannot move the joint, or have numbness, severe swelling, or pain that does not improve after a few days. Seek care right away if the skin looks pale or the area looks deformed.
Common questions
How long does a sprain or strain take to heal?
Mild injuries often improve within a few weeks. More severe injuries can take several months. Healing time differs from person to person, so follow your doctor's guidance.
Should I use heat or ice?
Ice is usually recommended in the first day or two because it helps reduce swelling. Heat is sometimes used later to ease stiffness. Ask your doctor which is best for your injury.
Can I exercise with a sprain or strain?
Most people need to rest the injured area at first. Gentle movement is often added as healing progresses. Your doctor or a physical therapist can tell you what is safe.
Do sprains and strains always need an X-ray?
No, many are diagnosed with a physical exam alone. An X-ray is used when a broken bone is suspected. Your doctor will decide based on your symptoms and exam.
Sources
- MedlinePlus - Strains
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Sprains, Strains & Other Soft-Tissue Injuries - OrthoInfo - AAOS
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
