Perichondritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 2, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Perichondritis?
A primary care doctor can often diagnose and treat perichondritis, especially in mild cases. More severe infections may be referred to an otolaryngologist, an ear, nose, and throat doctor who can drain fluid and manage deeper infections. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What it is
Perichondritis is an infection of the perichondrium, the thin layer of tissue that covers cartilage. Cartilage is the firm but flexible material that gives shape to body parts like the ear. The condition most often affects the outer ear and usually develops after an injury that damages the cartilage or the tissue around it.
Cartilage lacks its own blood supply, so once infection reaches the cartilage area, it can be harder for the body to fight off. This is why perichondritis needs prompt medical care.
Symptoms
The outer ear usually becomes red, swollen, warm, and tender to the touch. The earlobe is often spared because it has no cartilage. Some people also have pain, fever, or fluid draining from the infected area.
Causes and who gets it
Perichondritis is usually caused by bacteria, most often Pseudomonas aeruginosa, entering the ear through a break in the skin. Common triggers include ear piercings, especially through cartilage, along with ear surgery, injuries, or insect bites. People with high ear piercings and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.
How doctors diagnose it
Doctors diagnose perichondritis by examining the ear and asking about recent piercings, injuries, or procedures. The doctor checks whether the earlobe is spared, since the lobe has no cartilage.
Treatment
Treatment usually starts with antibiotics. Mild cases may clear with oral antibiotics, while severe cases may need antibiotics through a vein in the hospital. If pus has collected, a doctor may need to drain it.
When to see a doctor
Anyone with a red, swollen, and painful outer ear should see a doctor promptly, especially after a recent piercing or injury. A fever along with ear swelling is a sign to seek care the same day. Early treatment lowers the chance of lasting damage to the ear's shape.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance for visits, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. Either one can evaluate a painful, swollen ear quickly and start treatment when the infection is mild. If the infection is severe or not improving, they will refer the patient to an ear, nose, and throat specialist.
Common questions
Can I keep my new ear piercing if I get perichondritis?
Doctors usually recommend removing the earring so the infection can heal. The piercing site can be redone later once the ear has fully recovered. Your doctor will advise you based on how serious the infection is.
Is perichondritis contagious?
No, perichondritis is not spread from person to person. It comes from germs entering injured tissue on the ear. You cannot catch it by touching someone's ear.
How long does recovery take?
Mild cases often improve within a few days of starting antibiotics, but complete healing can take one to two weeks or longer. Severe cases that need drainage or hospital treatment take more time.
Can perichondritis come back?
Yes, it can return, especially if the ear is injured or pierced again in the same spot. Protecting the ear from trauma lowers this risk. People who have had it once should tell their doctor before any future ear piercing.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
