Patella Dislocations: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Patella Dislocations?
An orthopedic surgeon, a bone and joint doctor, usually treats a dislocated kneecap. A sports medicine doctor, who treats injuries from sports and exercise, may also help. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What are patella dislocations?
The patella is your kneecap. It sits over the front of your knee joint. When you bend or straighten your knee, the underside of the kneecap glides over a groove in the bones of the knee joint.
When the kneecap slides partway out of the groove, it is called a subluxation. When it moves fully out of the groove, it is called a dislocation. A dislocated kneecap is usually caused by an injury to the knee.
Symptoms
Signs of a dislocated kneecap can include:
- A very painful knee.
- A knee that is swollen or bruised.
- Not being able to stand up or move your knee.
- A knee that has changed shape.
- A pop or snap in the knee.
A dislocated kneecap often moves back into place by itself. If the kneecap keeps coming out of place, you may feel like it is about to dislocate.
Causes and who gets it
A kneecap can be knocked out of the groove when the knee is hit from the side. It can also slide out during normal movement or when there is a twisting motion or a sudden turn. Dislocations often result from a non-contact injury, such as a pivot, twist, or awkward fall.
Some things make the kneecap more likely to move out of position:
- Damage to a ligament that stops the kneecap from moving too far sideways.
- A groove that is too flat to keep the kneecap in place.
- Abnormal limb alignment, or being knock-kneed.
A kneecap subluxation or dislocation may happen more than once. If it keeps happening and is not treated, there may be more damage to your knee joint each time.
How doctors diagnose it
During a physical exam, the doctor may ask you to walk around and to straighten and bend your knee. The doctor may also feel around your kneecap and take measurements to check if the bones are out of line or the thigh muscles are weak.
The doctor will likely order X-rays. An MRI scan can look for loose pieces of bone or cartilage, or check the ligaments and the shape of the knee.
Treatment
If the kneecap is completely out of its groove, the first step is to return it to its proper place. This is called reduction. Sometimes it happens on its own. Other times the doctor has to apply gentle force to push the kneecap back in place.
For a first-time dislocation, the doctor will most likely recommend exercises and bracing, with a gradual return to full sport. The exercises strengthen the thigh muscles so the kneecap stays lined up. Your knee may also be placed in a brace, splint, or cast for several weeks, and you may need crutches at first. You can ice your knee, but do not put ice directly on your skin.
Surgery may be needed if your knee is badly damaged or has dislocated more than once. It can take several months to fully recover from a dislocated kneecap.
When to see a doctor
Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have a dislocated kneecap. Go to the emergency room if your knee has changed shape, swells very quickly, or you felt a pop or snap. Also go if you can see bone sticking out of your skin or it is bleeding heavily. Do not drive yourself. Ask someone to drive you. Call 911 if you cannot get to the emergency room because pain keeps you from moving your injured leg.
While you wait, keep the knee still and supported with padding. Do not try to stand or walk on the leg, and do not try to put the kneecap back yourself.
Later, contact your provider if your knee feels unstable, or if pain or swelling returns after going away.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care doctor can examine your knee, order first tests, and refer you to an orthopedic surgeon when needed. This doctor can also help you follow your recovery plan and keep track of follow-up visits.
Common questions
What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation?
A subluxation is when the kneecap slides partway out of its groove. A dislocation is when it moves fully out of the groove.
Can a dislocated kneecap go back into place by itself?
Yes, it often does. You still need to get it checked by a doctor, and you will usually need X-rays.
Does a dislocated kneecap need surgery?
Not always. For a first-time dislocation, the doctor will most likely recommend exercises and bracing. Some people may need surgery if the knee has dislocated more than once.
Can a kneecap dislocate more than once?
Yes. A kneecap subluxation or dislocation may happen more than once. If it keeps happening and is not treated, there may be more damage to your knee joint each time.
Should I try to put my kneecap back myself?
No. Do not try to put the kneecap back into place yourself. Keep the knee still and supported while you wait for medical help.
Sources
- MedlinePlus - Kneecap dislocation - aftercare
- NHS - Dislocated kneecap
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - OrthoInfo - Unstable Kneecap (Patellar Instability)
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
