Causes of Neonatal Herpes
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes neonatal herpes, which is primarily transmitted from mother to baby during birth.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 typically causes oral herpes, but it can also affect the genital area.
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Herpes genitalis is primarily caused by HSV-2.
There are several ways in which transmission can occur:
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During delivery, direct contact with active herpes lesions occurs
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Transmission in utero (rare)
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Contact with infected caregivers postnatally
Symptoms of Neonatal Herpes
The following symptoms may appear within the first few weeks of life:
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Clusters of skin lesions or blisters
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Fever
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Irritability or lethargy
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Feeding problems
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Distressed breathing
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In severe cases, seizures may occur
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Jaundice
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Eye infections
Diagnosis of Neonatal Herpes
Diagnosis involves:
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Examining lesions physically
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Lesion swabs, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid cultures or PCR tests
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Antibodies to HSV in blood tests
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If neurological involvement is suspected, imaging studies (e.g., MRI) should be performed
Treatment of Neonatal Herpes
Treatment typically includes:
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Intravenous administration of antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir)
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Hospital-based supportive care
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Complications should be closely monitored
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Infections affecting the central nervous system or disseminated
Prevention of Neonatal Herpes
Preventive measures include:
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Preventing HSV infections in pregnant women
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Reducing viral shedding during pregnancy with antiviral therapy
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In case of active genital lesions during labor, cesarean delivery is recommended
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Keeping newborns away from individuals with active herpes lesions
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Caregiver hygiene practices
Neonatal herpes causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies are discussed in this overview.
