Lymphatic Filariasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Harsha Moole, MD, Internal Medicine. Last reviewed: October 23, 2026.
What kind of doctor treats Lymphatic Filariasis?
An infectious disease doctor, who treats infections caused by germs and parasites, usually treats lymphatic filariasis. A primary care doctor can start the testing and coordinate your care. A direct primary care or concierge doctor can be a first stop for an evaluation and can refer you to a specialist when needed.
What is lymphatic filariasis?
Lymphatic filariasis, sometimes called LF, is a disease caused by an infection with thread-like parasitic worms. It can cause severe swelling in the legs and other body parts.
LF is commonly known as elephantiasis. It is a neglected tropical disease. The infection harms the lymph system and can make body parts swell. This can cause pain and severe disability.
Symptoms
Most people infected with the worms never show symptoms. Others may not have symptoms for years. Symptoms may include:
- Lymphedema, a swelling of the legs, arms, breasts, or genitalia.
- Hydrocele, or swelling in the scrotal sac, usually of adult men.
- Thick, hard skin.
- Persistent coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath.
- Bacterial infections of the skin or lymph system.
Some symptoms occur months or years after infection.
Causes and who gets it
You can get LF from a bite of an infectious mosquito. Mosquitoes spread it from person to person.
It rarely affects casual travelers. It takes repeated bites from an infectious mosquito for people to become infected. You are more likely to get it if you live in a tropical country where these worms are common. Repeated mosquito bites over months or years raise your risk.
Infection is usually acquired in childhood.
How doctors diagnose it
A provider will check a small blood sample under a microscope for the worms. They may also use a test for antibodies your immune system makes if you are infected.
Treatment
The usual treatment is a drug called DEC. It kills both immature and adult parasitic worms. Your provider may recommend a single-day treatment or taking the drug for 12 days.
DEC may not help people who have lymphedema or elephantiasis. Most people with these symptoms no longer have live worms. A lymphedema therapist may help. Hydrocele may require surgery.
Hygiene, skin care, exercise and raising the affected limb can reduce how severe the disease gets. If you also have onchocerciasis or loiasis, tell your healthcare provider. DEC might cause serious side effects then.
The best way to prevent LF is to avoid mosquito bites. Mosquitoes that carry the parasite usually bite at night. Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants and socks. Use screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out.
When to see a doctor
See your healthcare provider for diagnosis of and treatment for LF.
Call 911 or go to the emergency room if you have severe trouble breathing, chest pain, fainting, or a seizure.
How a direct primary care or concierge doctor fits in
A direct primary care doctor charges a flat monthly fee instead of billing insurance, while a concierge doctor usually charges more and often works alongside insurance. A direct primary care doctor can listen to your symptoms and travel history, order blood tests, and refer you to a specialist if needed.
Common questions
Is lymphatic filariasis the same as elephantiasis?
Elephantiasis is a common name for it. Severe cases of leg swelling are sometimes known as elephantiasis.
How do you get lymphatic filariasis?
Through the bite of an infectious mosquito. It takes repeated bites over several months or years.
Does lymphatic filariasis always cause symptoms?
No. Most people infected with the worms never show symptoms.
How is lymphatic filariasis treated?
The usual treatment is a drug called DEC, which kills the worms. It may not help people who already have swelling. Hydrocele may require surgery.
How can I prevent lymphatic filariasis?
You can prevent it by avoiding mosquito bites. Mosquitoes that carry the parasite usually bite at night.
Sources
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and reading it does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition, and never disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of something you read here. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
