Hemangioma is a common condition that affects the blood vessels in the skin. It is not a cancer, but a benign tumor that usually appears as a red or purple lump or mark on the skin. A hemangioma can develop anywhere on the body, but it is most commonly seen on the back, chest, neck, or face. In infants and children, especially girls and premature babies, hemangiomas are more common. Most hemangiomas grow rapidly in the first few months of life, and then slowly shrink over time. Hemangiomas can cause complications such as bleeding, infection, scarring, pain, and vision problems. In this blog post, we'll discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hemangiomas.
In most cases, hemangiomas are not inherited, although some babies may have a family history of vascular birthmarks. Hemangiomas may be caused by an abnormal formation of blood vessels during fetal development.
An hemangioma may not be visible at birth, but may appear a few days to a few months later. There are two main types of hemangiomas: capillary and cavernous.
Capillary hemangioma: This type of hemangioma affects the outer layers of the skin. It may initially appear as a small red scratch or bump, and then grow into a larger red or purple mark that resembles a strawberry. It is also known as infantile hemangioma and strawberry hemangioma. The most common type of capillary hemangioma is cherry hemangioma, which appears as a small red dot on the torso of adults.
Cavernous hemangioma: This type of hemangioma affects the deeper layers of the skin or the organs. Cavernous hemangioma may appear as a dark red or blue lump or dough that feels spongy to touch. Cavernous hemangioma may affect the eyelids, the eye surface, or the eye socket. It may also affect the liver, brain, or spine.
People with hemangiomas usually do not experience any pain or discomfort. However, hemangiomas may break down and form a sore that can bleed or become infected. In addition to disrupting the function of nearby organs or tissues, hemangiomas may also affect vision or eye development. Airway hemangiomas can make breathing difficult.
During a physical examination, a doctor will examine the size, shape, and location of the hemangioma as well as the person's medical history and family background. Hemangioma can be diagnosed by a physical examination by a doctor. A doctor may order a number of tests to confirm a diagnosis or to rule out other conditions. These tests include:
Blood tests: To check for any signs of infection or bleeding.
Ultrasound: To create an image of the tumor using sound waves.
MRI: To create an image of the tumor using magnetic fields.
Biopsy: To take a small sample of tissue from the tumor for microscopic examination.
The majority of hemangiomas resolve on their own over time, so no treatment is required. However, some hemangiomas may require treatment if they cause complications, including bleeding, infection, scarring, pain, or functional impairment. There are several treatment options for hemangiomas, depending on their type, size, location, and severity.
A few medications can shrink or stop the growth of hemangiomas. These medications include beta blockers (such as propranolol or timolol), corticosteroids (such as prednisone or dexamethasone), or interferon (an immune system protein). You can give these medications orally (by mouth), topically (on the skin), or by injection.
Laser surgery: A laser beam can be used to remove or reduce the size of hemangiomas. Laser surgery can also help improve the appearance of scars or marks left by hemangiomas.
Surgery: A surgical procedure can be performed to remove large or complicated hemangiomas that do not respond to other treatments. Surgery can also help correct any deformities caused by hemangiomas.
Embolization: A procedure that involves injecting a substance into the blood vessels that feed the tumor to block them and stop its growth.
It depends on several factors such as the age, health, and preferences of the person, as well as the risks and benefits of each treatment option. The doctor will discuss the best treatment plan with the patient and his or her family.
In spite of the fact that there is no known way to prevent hemangioma, there are some general measures that can reduce the risk of complications or improve the outcome. These measures include:
Seeking medical attention as soon as possible if a hemangioma is suspected or noticed.
Following the doctor’s advice and instructions regarding the treatment and follow-up of hemangioma.
Avoiding any trauma or injury to the affected area that may cause bleeding or infection.
Protecting the affected area from sun exposure by using sunscreen, hats, or clothing.
Keeping the affected area clean and moisturized to prevent dryness or cracking.
Seeking emotional support or counseling if hemangioma causes any psychological distress or social stigma.
