A femoral hernia is a type of groin hernia that occurs when a part of the intestine or other tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscle wall near the top of the inner thigh. Femoral hernias are more common in women than men, and can sometimes cause serious complications if left untreated. They cause a bulge under the skin and can sometimes be felt.
It is not always known what causes femoral hernias. Some people may be born with a weak area in the femoral canal, a narrow passage that runs from the abdomen to the leg that contains blood vessels and nerves. A weak spot may develop over time as a result of factors that increase abdominal pressure, such as:
Pregnancy and childbirth
Obesity
Chronic coughing
Constipation or straining during bowel movements
Heavy lifting or pushing
Enlarged prostate or difficulty urinating
Abdominal fluid buildup or dialysis
Many people with femoral hernia do not have any symptoms and may not even notice the bulge. However, some may experience:
A lump or swelling in the groin or upper thigh, especially when standing, coughing, or straining
Pain or discomfort in the groin, thigh, or abdomen
Nausea or vomiting
Hip pain
It is possible for a hernia to become trapped or strangulated, which means the blood supply to the tissue is cut off. A strangulated hernia is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as it can result in tissue death, infection, or obstruction of the bowels.
Severe pain and tenderness in the groin or abdomen
Fever
Rapid heartbeat
Redness or discoloration of the skin over the hernia
Inability to pass gas or stool
A doctor will conduct a physical examination and ask about the patient's symptoms and medical history to diagnose a femoral hernia. A doctor may ask the patient to stand, cough, or strain in order to see if the hernia becomes more prominent. The doctor will gently press on the groin area to feel for the hernia.
A doctor may order imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. Imaging tests can also reveal if the hernia is trapped or strangulated.
The only way to treat a femoral hernia is through surgery. Surgery can prevent the hernia from getting worse and avoid complications. There are two main types of surgery for femoral hernia:
A surgeon makes an incision in the groin, pushes the hernia back into the abdomen, and then repairs the weak spot in the muscle wall with stitches or a mesh patch. The incision is closed with stitches or staples.
An abdominal incision is made and a thin tube containing a camera and surgical instruments is inserted. The surgeon uses the camera to guide the instruments and performs the same steps as in open surgery. Stitches or glue are used to close the incisions.
A number of factors will determine the type of surgery, including the size and location of the hernia, the patient's health and preference, and the surgeon's experience. In addition to less pain, faster recovery, and lower infection risk, laparoscopic surgery may have some advantages over open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery, however, may not be suitable for everyone, especially for large, strangulated, or recurrent hernias.
A femoral hernia may not be preventable due to congenital weakness in the muscle wall. However, some lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of developing or worsening a femoral hernia, such as:
Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a high-fiber diet and drinking plenty of water to avoid constipation
Avoiding heavy lifting or using proper techniques
Quitting smoking to reduce coughing
Treating any underlying conditions that may cause abdominal pressure, such as prostate enlargement or fluid buildup
Seeking medical attention if a hernia is suspected or if any symptoms occur
In the absence of treatment, femoral hernias can cause discomfort and complications. Therefore, you should be aware of the signs and symptoms and seek medical attention right away. The hernia can be repaired by surgery and further damage can be prevented. The risk of developing or worsening a femoral hernia can also be reduced by implementing prevention strategies.
